महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-37, verse-5

निगृह्य तु रथानीकं कङ्कपत्रैः शिलाशितैः ।
आससाद रणे पार्थः सुशर्माणं महारथम् ॥५॥

5. nigṛhya tu rathānīkaṁ kaṅkapatraiḥ śilāśitaiḥ ,
āsasāda raṇe pārthaḥ suśarmāṇaṁ mahāratham.

5. nigṛhya tu rathānīkam kaṅkapatraiḥ śilāśitaiḥ
āsasāda raṇe pārthaḥ suśarmāṇam mahāratham

5. tu raṇe pārthaḥ,
śilāśitaiḥ kaṅkapatraiḥ rathānīkam nigṛhya,
mahāratham suśarmāṇam āsasāda.

5. Indeed, in battle, Pārtha, having restrained the chariot army with arrows sharpened on stone and fitted with vulture feathers, advanced upon Suśarman, the great charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having restrained, having held back, having controlled

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रथानीकम् (rathānīkam) - chariot army, array of chariots

• कङ्कपत्रैः (kaṅkapatraiḥ) - with arrows fitted with vulture feathers (with vulture-feathers, having vulture-feathered (shafts))

• शिलाशितैः (śilāśitaiḥ) - sharpened on stone

• आससाद (āsasāda) - approached (Suśarman) (approached, attacked, obtained)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• सुशर्माणम् (suśarmāṇam) - king of Trigartas, an enemy of Arjuna (Suśarman)

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - great charioteer, warrior

Words meanings and morphology

निगृह्य (nigṛhya) - having restrained, having held back, having controlled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from √grah (to seize, take) with upasarga 'ni' and suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

रथानीकम् (rathānīkam) - chariot army, array of chariots

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathānīka

rathānīka - an array or division of chariots, chariot army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+anīka)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array, front
  noun (neuter)

कङ्कपत्रैः (kaṅkapatraiḥ) - with arrows fitted with vulture feathers (with vulture-feathers, having vulture-feathered (shafts))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaṅkapatra

kaṅkapatra - vulture-feathered (arrow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kaṅka+patra)

• kaṅka – vulture, heron
  noun (masculine)
• patra – leaf, feather, wing, blade
  noun (neuter)

Note: Implied "arrows" as the noun it modifies.

शिलाशितैः (śilāśitaiḥ) - sharpened on stone

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śilāśita

śilāśita - sharpened on stone

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+śita)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• śita – sharpened, keen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √śo (to sharpen)
  Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Implied "arrows" as the noun it modifies.

आससाद (āsasāda) - approached (Suśarman) (approached, attacked, obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √sad

Perfect

Perfect 3rd person singular Parasmaipada

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: From 'ā + √sad'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena

Derived from Pṛthā with 'aṇ' suffix, meaning 'son of Pṛthā'.

सुशर्माणम् (suśarmāṇam) - king of Trigartas, an enemy of Arjuna (Suśarman)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suśarman

suśarman - a proper name, particularly the king of the Trigartas

महारथम् (mahāratham) - great charioteer, warrior

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a warrior who can fight ten thousand archers at a time

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, charioteer, warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to Suśarman.