महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-37, verse-4

तां वृष्टिं सहसा राजंस्तरसा धारयन्प्रभुः ।
व्यगाहत रणे पार्थो विनिघ्नन्रथिनां वरः ॥४॥

4. tāṁ vṛṣṭiṁ sahasā rājaṁstarasā dhārayanprabhuḥ ,
vyagāhata raṇe pārtho vinighnanrathināṁ varaḥ.

4. tām vṛṣṭim sahasā rājan tarasā dhārayan prabhuḥ
vyagāhata raṇe pārthaḥ vinighnan rathinām varaḥ

4. rājan,
prabhuḥ rathinām varaḥ pārthaḥ,
tarasā sahasā tām vṛṣṭim dhārayan,
raṇe vyagāhata,
vinighnan.

4. O King, the mighty Pārtha, the foremost of charioteers, swiftly and forcefully withstood that rain (of arrows) and plunged into the battle, striking down his adversaries.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that

• वृष्टिम् (vṛṣṭim) - shower of arrows (rain, shower)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, with force, mightily

• राजन् (rājan) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (to whom Sañjaya is speaking) (O king)

• तरसा (tarasā) - quickly, swiftly, mightily

• धारयन् (dhārayan) - withstanding, holding back (holding, bearing, sustaining, checking)

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the mighty one (Arjuna) (mighty one, lord, master)

• व्यगाहत (vyagāhata) - plunged into the battle (entered, plunged into, attacked)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

• विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - striking down his adversaries (striking down, slaying, killing)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वृष्टिम् (vṛṣṭim) - shower of arrows (rain, shower)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛṣṭi

vṛṣṭi - rain, shower, raining

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, with force, mightily

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (to whom Sañjaya is speaking) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तरसा (tarasā) - quickly, swiftly, mightily

(indeclinable)

धारयन् (dhārayan) - withstanding, holding back (holding, bearing, sustaining, checking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārayat

dhārayat - holding, bearing, sustaining, supporting, wearing, keeping, checking

Present Active Participle

Derived from the causative root √dhṛ (to hold, bear)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used as an adjective modifying 'Pārthaḥ'.

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the mighty one (Arjuna) (mighty one, lord, master)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, mighty, powerful, capable

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

व्यगाहत (vyagāhata) - plunged into the battle (entered, plunged into, attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √gāh

Imperfect

Imperfect 3rd person singular Ātmanepada

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Formed with upasargas 'vi' and 'ā' from the root 'gāh'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena

Derived from Pṛthā with 'aṇ' suffix, meaning 'son of Pṛthā'.

विनिघ्नन् (vinighnan) - striking down his adversaries (striking down, slaying, killing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinighnat

vinighnat - striking down, slaying, destroying

Present Active Participle

Derived from √han (to strike, kill) with upasarga 'vi' and present participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used as an adjective modifying 'Pārthaḥ', implying simultaneous action.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, one who fights from a chariot

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest, boon, husband

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Used as an adjective modifying 'Pārthaḥ'.