महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-37, verse-14

केशवस्तु तदा बाहू विधुन्वन्रणमूर्धनि ।
पातयामास तान्सर्वान्दुष्टहस्तीव हस्तिनः ॥१४॥

14. keśavastu tadā bāhū vidhunvanraṇamūrdhani ,
pātayāmāsa tānsarvānduṣṭahastīva hastinaḥ.

14. keśavaḥ tu tadā bāhū vidhunvan raṇa-mūrdhani
pātayāmāsa tān sarvān duṣṭa-hastī iva hastinaḥ

14. tu tadā keśavaḥ raṇa-mūrdhani bāhū vidhunvan
duṣṭa-hastī iva hastinaḥ sarvān tān pātayāmāsa

14. But then Keśava, shaking his arms amidst the battle, threw all of them down, just as a rogue elephant throws down other elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (an epithet of Krishna)

• तु (tu) - but, however

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• बाहू (bāhū) - arms

• विधुन्वन् (vidhunvan) - shaking, waving

• रण-मूर्धनि (raṇa-mūrdhani) - on the battlefield

• पातयामास (pātayāmāsa) - he made fall, he threw down

• तान् (tān) - them

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entirely

• दुष्ट-हस्ती (duṣṭa-hastī) - a rogue elephant

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - elephants

Words meanings and morphology

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (an epithet of Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava (an epithet of Krishna)

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

बाहू (bāhū) - arms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

विधुन्वन् (vidhunvan) - shaking, waving

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhunvat

vidhunvat - shaking, waving, moving

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the root 'dhū' (to shake) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

रण-मूर्धनि (raṇa-mūrdhani) - on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa-mūrdhan

raṇa-mūrdhan - battlefield, front of battle

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+mūrdhan)

• raṇa – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, top, highest point
  noun (masculine)

पातयामास (pātayāmāsa) - he made fall, he threw down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pātayāmāsa

Causative Perfect

Causative stem of root 'pat' (pātaya) in the perfect tense (liṭ)

Root: pat (class 1)

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, entirely

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

दुष्ट-हस्ती (duṣṭa-hastī) - a rogue elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭa-hastin

duṣṭa-hastin - rogue elephant, wicked elephant

Compound type : tatpurusha (duṣṭa+hastin)

• duṣṭa – bad, wicked, corrupted, rogue
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'duṣ' (to be corrupt)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• hastin – elephant
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hastin

hastin - elephant