महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-37, verse-15

ततः क्रुद्धो रणे पार्थः संवृतस्तैर्महारथैः ।
निगृहीतं रथं दृष्ट्वा केशवं चाप्यभिद्रुतम् ।
रथारूढांश्च सुबहून्पदातींश्चाप्यपातयत् ॥१५॥

15. tataḥ kruddho raṇe pārthaḥ saṁvṛtastairmahārathaiḥ ,
nigṛhītaṁ rathaṁ dṛṣṭvā keśavaṁ cāpyabhidrutam ,
rathārūḍhāṁśca subahūnpadātīṁścāpyapātayat.

15. tataḥ kruddhaḥ raṇe pārthaḥ saṃvṛtaḥ
taiḥ mahā-rathaiḥ nigṛhītam ratham dṛṣṭvā
keśavam ca api abhidrutam ratha-ārūḍhān
ca su-bahūn padātīn ca api apātayat

15. tataḥ raṇe kruddhaḥ taiḥ mahā-rathaiḥ
saṃvṛtaḥ pārthaḥ nigṛhītam ratham ca
api abhidrutam keśavam dṛṣṭvā ca su-bahūn
ratha-ārūḍhān ca api padātīn apātayat

15. Then Pārtha, angered in the battle and surrounded by those great chariot-warriors, seeing his chariot seized and Keśava also attacked, threw down very many chariot-riders and also foot soldiers.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angered, enraged

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

• संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• महा-रथैः (mahā-rathaiḥ) - by great chariot-warriors

• निगृहीतम् (nigṛhītam) - seized, restrained

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• केशवम् (keśavam) - Keśava (an epithet of Krishna)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अभिद्रुतम् (abhidrutam) - attacked, assaulted

• रथ-आरूढान् (ratha-ārūḍhān) - chariot-riders, those mounted on chariots

• च (ca) - and

• सु-बहून् (su-bahūn) - very many, numerous

• पदातीन् (padātīn) - foot soldiers, infantry

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he made fall, he threw down

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angered, enraged

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angered, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root 'krudh' (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā

संवृतः (saṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, surrounded, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

महा-रथैः (mahā-rathaiḥ) - by great chariot-warriors

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahā-ratha

mahā-ratha - great warrior, mighty charioteer

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (especially one fighting from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

निगृहीतम् (nigṛhītam) - seized, restrained

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nigṛhīta

nigṛhīta - seized, restrained, held back, captured

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root 'grah' (to seize) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) of the root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

केशवम् (keśavam) - Keśava (an epithet of Krishna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava (an epithet of Krishna)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अभिद्रुतम् (abhidrutam) - attacked, assaulted

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhidruta

abhidruta - attacked, assailed, gone towards

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'abhi'

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

रथ-आरूढान् (ratha-ārūḍhān) - chariot-riders, those mounted on chariots

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha-ārūḍha

ratha-ārūḍha - mounted on a chariot

Compound formed from 'ratha' and 'ārūḍha' (mounted), functioning as an adjective

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+ārūḍha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• ārūḍha – mounted, ascended, riding
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'ruh' (to ascend) with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सु-बहून् (su-bahūn) - very many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of su-bahu

su-bahu - very many, very much

Compound formed with 'su' (good, well, very) and 'bahu' (many)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+bahu)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• bahu – many, much
  adjective

पदातीन् (padātīn) - foot soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of padātin

padātin - foot soldier, pedestrian

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he made fall, he threw down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Causative Imperfect

Causative stem of root 'pat' (pātaya) in the imperfect tense (laṅ)

Root: pat (class 1)