महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-37, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
वर्तमाने तदा युद्धे क्षत्रियाणां निमज्जने ।
गाण्डीवस्य महान्घोषः शुश्रुवे युधि मारिष ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vartamāne tadā yuddhe kṣatriyāṇāṁ nimajjane ,
gāṇḍīvasya mahānghoṣaḥ śuśruve yudhi māriṣa.

1. saṃjaya uvāca vartamāne tadā yuddhe kṣatriyāṇām
nimajjane gāṇḍīvasya mahān ghoṣaḥ śuśruve yudhi māriṣa

1. saṃjaya uvāca he māriṣa tadā kṣatriyāṇām nimajjane
yuddhe vartamāne gāṇḍīvasya mahān ghoṣaḥ yudhi śuśruve

1. Sañjaya said: O revered one (māriṣa), at that time, as the battle proceeded and the kṣatriyas were being overwhelmed, the great roar of the Gāṇḍīva bow was heard in the conflict.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, declared

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - existing, present, ongoing, current

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time, at that moment

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in a fight, in conflict

• क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the kṣatriyas, of the warrior class

• निमज्जने (nimajjane) - in the sinking, in the drowning, in the destruction

• गाण्डीवस्य (gāṇḍīvasya) - of the Gāṇḍīva (bow)

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

• घोषः (ghoṣaḥ) - sound, roar, loud noise

• शुश्रुवे (śuśruve) - was heard

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O revered one, O respected one

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) form of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - existing, present, ongoing, current

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, being, present, ongoing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist) with present active participle suffix -āna/māna

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'yuddhe'

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time, at that moment

(indeclinable)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in a fight, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight) with kta suffix, then nominalized

Root: yudh (class 4)

क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the kṣatriyas, of the warrior class

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, member of the kṣatriya class

निमज्जने (nimajjane) - in the sinking, in the drowning, in the destruction

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nimajjana

nimajjana - sinking, drowning, immersion, destruction

Derived from root 'majj' (to sink) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: majj (class 6)

गाण्डीवस्य (gāṇḍīvasya) - of the Gāṇḍīva (bow)

(proper noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - Arjuna's bow (Gāṇḍīva)

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Modifies 'ghoṣaḥ'

घोषः (ghoṣaḥ) - sound, roar, loud noise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghoṣa

ghoṣa - sound, roar, noise, cry

Derived from root 'ghuṣ' (to sound)

Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

शुश्रुवे (śuśruve) - was heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect past (liṭ) of śru

Perfect tense (liṭ) middle voice form of root 'śru'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Often functions as a passive in context.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, combat

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

मारिष (māriṣa) - O revered one, O respected one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - an honorable person, a gentleman, venerable, respected (often used in address)