महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-8, chapter-29, verse-3
तौ चाप्रधृष्यौ शस्त्रभृतां वरिष्ठौ व्यपेतभीर्योधयिष्यामि कृष्णौ ।
संतापयत्यभ्यधिकं तु रामाच्छापोऽद्य मां ब्राह्मणसत्तमाच्च ॥३॥
संतापयत्यभ्यधिकं तु रामाच्छापोऽद्य मां ब्राह्मणसत्तमाच्च ॥३॥
3. tau cāpradhṛṣyau śastrabhṛtāṁ variṣṭhau; vyapetabhīryodhayiṣyāmi kṛṣṇau ,
saṁtāpayatyabhyadhikaṁ tu rāmā;cchāpo'dya māṁ brāhmaṇasattamācca.
saṁtāpayatyabhyadhikaṁ tu rāmā;cchāpo'dya māṁ brāhmaṇasattamācca.
3.
tau ca apradhṛṣyau śastra-bhṛtām
variṣṭhau vyapeta-bhīḥ yodhayiṣyāmi kṛṣṇau
saṃtāpayati abhyadhikam tu rāmāt
śāpaḥ adya mām brāhmaṇa-sattamāt ca
variṣṭhau vyapeta-bhīḥ yodhayiṣyāmi kṛṣṇau
saṃtāpayati abhyadhikam tu rāmāt
śāpaḥ adya mām brāhmaṇa-sattamāt ca
3.
tau kṛṣṇau ca apradhṛṣyau śastra-bhṛtām
variṣṭhau aham vyapeta-bhīḥ yodhayiṣyāmi
tu adya rāmāt ca brāhmaṇa-sattamāt
śāpaḥ mām abhyadhikam saṃtāpayati
variṣṭhau aham vyapeta-bhīḥ yodhayiṣyāmi
tu adya rāmāt ca brāhmaṇa-sattamāt
śāpaḥ mām abhyadhikam saṃtāpayati
3.
Those two Kṛṣṇas (Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna) are indeed unconquerable, the foremost among weapon-bearers. Still, having cast off all fear, I will fight them. However, today the curse from Paraśurāma (Rāma) and from that excellent Brahmin (brāhmaṇasattamāt) torments me exceedingly.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तौ (tau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (those two)
- च (ca) - and
- अप्रधृष्यौ (apradhṛṣyau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (irresistible, unconquerable)
- शस्त्र-भृताम् (śastra-bhṛtām) - of weapon-bearers
- वरिष्ठौ (variṣṭhau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna as the best (two foremost, two best)
- व्यपेत-भीः (vyapeta-bhīḥ) - Karna, having cast off all fear (having abandoned fear)
- योधयिष्यामि (yodhayiṣyāmi) - I will fight
- कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) - Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (Arjuna is also called Kṛṣṇa, 'the dark one') (the two Kṛṣṇas)
- संतापयति (saṁtāpayati) - torments, causes pain, afflicts
- अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - excessively, greatly, more than usual
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- रामात् (rāmāt) - from Paraśurāma, Karna's guru who cursed him (from Rama)
- शापः (śāpaḥ) - curse, imprecation
- अद्य (adya) - today
- माम् (mām) - Karna (me)
- ब्राह्मण-सत्तमात् (brāhmaṇa-sattamāt) - This could refer to Draupadī's attendant, or a different Brahmin who cursed Karna. (from the best of Brahmins)
- च (ca) - and
Words meanings and morphology
तौ (tau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (those two)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of tad
tad - that, those
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
अप्रधृष्यौ (apradhṛṣyau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (irresistible, unconquerable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of apradhṛṣya
apradhṛṣya - invincible, irresistible, unconquerable
Gerundive (not in this context, but derivationally)
Compound: a- (not) + pradhṛṣya (to be attacked, assailed). From root dhṛṣ (to dare, attack) with upasarga pra.
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pradhṛṣya)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - pradhṛṣya – to be attacked, assailable, formidable
adjective (masculine)
Gerundive
Derived from root dhṛṣ (to dare) with upasarga pra and suffix -ya.
Prefix: pra
Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
शस्त्र-भृताम् (śastra-bhṛtām) - of weapon-bearers
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of śastrabṛt
śastrabṛt - weapon-bearer, warrior
Compound: śastra (weapon) + bhṛt (bearing).
Compound type : tatpurusha (śastra+bhṛt)
- śastra – weapon
noun (neuter) - bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting
adjective (masculine)
Noun derived from root bhṛ
Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, carry) with suffix kvip.
Root: bhṛ (class 1)
वरिष्ठौ (variṣṭhau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna as the best (two foremost, two best)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of variṣṭha
variṣṭha - best, most excellent, most eminent, foremost
Superlative degree of vara (excellent) or vṛ (to choose).
व्यपेत-भीः (vyapeta-bhīḥ) - Karna, having cast off all fear (having abandoned fear)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vyapetabhī
vyapetabhī - one from whom fear has departed, fearless
Compound: vyapeta (departed) + bhī (fear).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyapeta+bhī)
- vyapeta – departed, gone away
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root i (to go) with upasargas vi and apa.
Prefixes: vi+apa
Root: i (class 2) - bhī – fear
noun (feminine)
Note: Used as an adjective for the implied 'I' (Karna).
योधयिष्यामि (yodhayiṣyāmi) - I will fight
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of yudh
Future Active (Causative)
From causative of root yudh (to fight) with future suffix. 1st person singular.
Root: yudh (class 4)
कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) - Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (Arjuna is also called Kṛṣṇa, 'the dark one') (the two Kṛṣṇas)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (name of the deity), dark, black
संतापयति (saṁtāpayati) - torments, causes pain, afflicts
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of saṃtap
Present Active (Causative)
From causative of root tap (to heat, suffer) with upasarga sam. 3rd person singular.
Prefix: sam
Root: tap (class 1)
अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - excessively, greatly, more than usual
(indeclinable)
Compound: abhi (over, upon) + adhika (excessive, superior).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (abhi+adhika)
- abhi – towards, over, excessively
indeclinable - adhika – excessive, abundant, superior
adjective (masculine)
Note: Used as an adverb.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
Conjunctive particle.
रामात् (rāmāt) - from Paraśurāma, Karna's guru who cursed him (from Rama)
(proper noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of rāma
rāma - Rāma (name of several figures, including Paraśurāma)
शापः (śāpaḥ) - curse, imprecation
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śāpa
śāpa - curse, imprecation, oath
अद्य (adya) - today
(indeclinable)
माम् (mām) - Karna (me)
(pronoun)
Accusative, singular of aham
aham - I, me (1st person pronoun)
ब्राह्मण-सत्तमात् (brāhmaṇa-sattamāt) - This could refer to Draupadī's attendant, or a different Brahmin who cursed Karna. (from the best of Brahmins)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇasattama
brāhmaṇasattama - best of Brahmins, most excellent Brahmin
Compound: brāhmaṇa (Brahmin) + sattama (best, most excellent - superlative suffix).
Compound type : tatpurusha (brāhmaṇa+sattama)
- brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class
noun (masculine) - sattama – best, most excellent
adjective (masculine)
Superlative suffix -tama.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.