Skip to content
אתר זה לא תומך בגרסאות ישנות של אינטרנט אקספלורר
מומלץ להשתמש בדפדפן גוגל כרום או פיירפוקס מוזילה
(או באינטרנט אקספלורר / edge עדכני)
Enjoy Learning Sanskrit tips, tools, resources and more...
8,29

महाभारतः       mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-29, verse-3

तौ चाप्रधृष्यौ शस्त्रभृतां वरिष्ठौ व्यपेतभीर्योधयिष्यामि कृष्णौ ।
संतापयत्यभ्यधिकं तु रामाच्छापोऽद्य मां ब्राह्मणसत्तमाच्च ॥३॥
3. tau cāpradhṛṣyau śastrabhṛtāṁ variṣṭhau; vyapetabhīryodhayiṣyāmi kṛṣṇau ,
saṁtāpayatyabhyadhikaṁ tu rāmā;cchāpo'dya māṁ brāhmaṇasattamācca.
3. tau ca apradhṛṣyau śastra-bhṛtām
variṣṭhau vyapeta-bhīḥ yodhayiṣyāmi kṛṣṇau
saṃtāpayati abhyadhikam tu rāmāt
śāpaḥ adya mām brāhmaṇa-sattamāt ca
3. tau kṛṣṇau ca apradhṛṣyau śastra-bhṛtām
variṣṭhau aham vyapeta-bhīḥ yodhayiṣyāmi
tu adya rāmāt ca brāhmaṇa-sattamāt
śāpaḥ mām abhyadhikam saṃtāpayati
3. Those two Kṛṣṇas (Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna) are indeed unconquerable, the foremost among weapon-bearers. Still, having cast off all fear, I will fight them. However, today the curse from Paraśurāma (Rāma) and from that excellent Brahmin (brāhmaṇasattamāt) torments me exceedingly.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

  • तौ (tau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (those two)
  • (ca) - and
  • अप्रधृष्यौ (apradhṛṣyau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (irresistible, unconquerable)
  • शस्त्र-भृताम् (śastra-bhṛtām) - of weapon-bearers
  • वरिष्ठौ (variṣṭhau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna as the best (two foremost, two best)
  • व्यपेत-भीः (vyapeta-bhīḥ) - Karna, having cast off all fear (having abandoned fear)
  • योधयिष्यामि (yodhayiṣyāmi) - I will fight
  • कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) - Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (Arjuna is also called Kṛṣṇa, 'the dark one') (the two Kṛṣṇas)
  • संतापयति (saṁtāpayati) - torments, causes pain, afflicts
  • अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - excessively, greatly, more than usual
  • तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
  • रामात् (rāmāt) - from Paraśurāma, Karna's guru who cursed him (from Rama)
  • शापः (śāpaḥ) - curse, imprecation
  • अद्य (adya) - today
  • माम् (mām) - Karna (me)
  • ब्राह्मण-सत्तमात् (brāhmaṇa-sattamāt) - This could refer to Draupadī's attendant, or a different Brahmin who cursed Karna. (from the best of Brahmins)
  • (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (those two)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of tad
tad - that, those
(ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
अप्रधृष्यौ (apradhṛṣyau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (irresistible, unconquerable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of apradhṛṣya
apradhṛṣya - invincible, irresistible, unconquerable
Gerundive (not in this context, but derivationally)
Compound: a- (not) + pradhṛṣya (to be attacked, assailed). From root dhṛṣ (to dare, attack) with upasarga pra.
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pradhṛṣya)
  • a – not, non-
    indeclinable
  • pradhṛṣya – to be attacked, assailable, formidable
    adjective (masculine)
    Gerundive
    Derived from root dhṛṣ (to dare) with upasarga pra and suffix -ya.
    Prefix: pra
    Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)
शस्त्र-भृताम् (śastra-bhṛtām) - of weapon-bearers
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of śastrabṛt
śastrabṛt - weapon-bearer, warrior
Compound: śastra (weapon) + bhṛt (bearing).
Compound type : tatpurusha (śastra+bhṛt)
  • śastra – weapon
    noun (neuter)
  • bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting
    adjective (masculine)
    Noun derived from root bhṛ
    Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, carry) with suffix kvip.
    Root: bhṛ (class 1)
वरिष्ठौ (variṣṭhau) - referring to Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna as the best (two foremost, two best)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, dual of variṣṭha
variṣṭha - best, most excellent, most eminent, foremost
Superlative degree of vara (excellent) or vṛ (to choose).
व्यपेत-भीः (vyapeta-bhīḥ) - Karna, having cast off all fear (having abandoned fear)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vyapetabhī
vyapetabhī - one from whom fear has departed, fearless
Compound: vyapeta (departed) + bhī (fear).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyapeta+bhī)
  • vyapeta – departed, gone away
    adjective (masculine)
    Past Passive Participle
    Derived from root i (to go) with upasargas vi and apa.
    Prefixes: vi+apa
    Root: i (class 2)
  • bhī – fear
    noun (feminine)
Note: Used as an adjective for the implied 'I' (Karna).
योधयिष्यामि (yodhayiṣyāmi) - I will fight
(verb)
1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of yudh
Future Active (Causative)
From causative of root yudh (to fight) with future suffix. 1st person singular.
Root: yudh (class 4)
कृष्णौ (kṛṣṇau) - Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna (Arjuna is also called Kṛṣṇa, 'the dark one') (the two Kṛṣṇas)
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, dual of kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (name of the deity), dark, black
संतापयति (saṁtāpayati) - torments, causes pain, afflicts
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of saṃtap
Present Active (Causative)
From causative of root tap (to heat, suffer) with upasarga sam. 3rd person singular.
Prefix: sam
Root: tap (class 1)
अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - excessively, greatly, more than usual
(indeclinable)
Compound: abhi (over, upon) + adhika (excessive, superior).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (abhi+adhika)
  • abhi – towards, over, excessively
    indeclinable
  • adhika – excessive, abundant, superior
    adjective (masculine)
Note: Used as an adverb.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
Conjunctive particle.
रामात् (rāmāt) - from Paraśurāma, Karna's guru who cursed him (from Rama)
(proper noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of rāma
rāma - Rāma (name of several figures, including Paraśurāma)
शापः (śāpaḥ) - curse, imprecation
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śāpa
śāpa - curse, imprecation, oath
अद्य (adya) - today
(indeclinable)
माम् (mām) - Karna (me)
(pronoun)
Accusative, singular of aham
aham - I, me (1st person pronoun)
ब्राह्मण-सत्तमात् (brāhmaṇa-sattamāt) - This could refer to Draupadī's attendant, or a different Brahmin who cursed Karna. (from the best of Brahmins)
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇasattama
brāhmaṇasattama - best of Brahmins, most excellent Brahmin
Compound: brāhmaṇa (Brahmin) + sattama (best, most excellent - superlative suffix).
Compound type : tatpurusha (brāhmaṇa+sattama)
  • brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class
    noun (masculine)
  • sattama – best, most excellent
    adjective (masculine)
    Superlative suffix -tama.
(ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.