महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-29, verse-23

मित्रं मिदेर्नन्दतेः प्रीयतेर्वा संत्रायतेर्मानद मोदतेर्वा ।
ब्रवीति तच्चामुत विप्रपूर्वात्तच्चापि सर्वं मम दुर्योधनेऽस्ति ॥२३॥

23. mitraṁ midernandateḥ prīyatervā; saṁtrāyatermānada modatervā ,
bravīti taccāmuta viprapūrvā;ttaccāpi sarvaṁ mama duryodhane'sti.

23. mitram mideḥ nandateḥ prīyateḥ vā
saṃtrāyateḥ mānada modateḥ vā |
bravīti tat ca amuta viprapūrvāt tat
ca api sarvam mama duryodhane asti

23. mānada! mitram mideḥ,
(vā) nandateḥ,
vā prīyateḥ,
vā saṃtrāyateḥ,
vā modateḥ (iti pratyākhyātam asti) viprapūrvāt amuta ca tat bravīti ca api tat sarvam mama duryodhane asti

23. O giver of honor, the word 'friend' (mitra) is derived from `mid` (to love), or `nand` (to rejoice), or `prī` (to please/love), or `saṃtrā` (to protect completely), or `mod` (to be glad). And this (meaning) is also declared by ancient learned tradition (viprapūrva). And all those qualities (of a friend) are present in my Duryodhana.

Words meanings summery:

• मित्रम् (mitram) - The word 'mitra' being etymologically explained. (friend, companion, ally)

• मिदेः (mideḥ) - from (the root) `mid`

• नन्दतेः (nandateḥ) - from (the root) `nand` (to rejoice)

• प्रीयतेः (prīyateḥ) - from (the root) `prī` (to please, love)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• संत्रायतेः (saṁtrāyateḥ) - from (the root) `sam-trā` (to protect completely)

• मानद (mānada) - Addressed to the listener (e.g., Kṛṣṇa or Vidura). (O giver of honor!, O bestower of respect!)

• मोदतेः (modateḥ) - from (the root) `mod` (to rejoice, be glad)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• ब्रवीति (bravīti) - The tradition/text declares these derivations. ((he/it) says, speaks, declares)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the aforementioned derivations/meanings. (that, this)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अमुत (amuta) - From those sources/roots (mentioned earlier). (from that, from there)

• विप्रपूर्वात् (viprapūrvāt) - From the tradition that precedes or is taught by the wise/Brahmins. (from the learned tradition, from the prior wise ones, from the texts of Brahmins)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the entire statement about friendship qualities. (that, this)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - All those characteristics of a friend. (all, whole, every)

• मम (mama) - Refers to Duryodhana as 'my Duryodhana' (from the speaker's perspective, possibly Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (my, of me)

• दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - The qualities are present in Duryodhana. (in Duryodhana)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

Words meanings and morphology

मित्रम् (mitram) - The word 'mitra' being etymologically explained. (friend, companion, ally)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally, sun (deity)

From root √mid.

Root: mid

Note: The subject of the implied "is derived".

मिदेः (mideḥ) - from (the root) `mid`

(root)

Note: Refers to the verbal root `mid`.

नन्दतेः (nandateḥ) - from (the root) `nand` (to rejoice)

(root)

Note: Formed as an ablative of the root, implying 'from' its meaning.

प्रीयतेः (prīyateḥ) - from (the root) `prī` (to please, love)

(root)

Note: Similar to 'nandateḥ'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Used to offer alternatives.

संत्रायतेः (saṁtrāyateḥ) - from (the root) `sam-trā` (to protect completely)

(root)

Note: Similar etymological derivation.

मानद (mānada) - Addressed to the listener (e.g., Kṛṣṇa or Vidura). (O giver of honor!, O bestower of respect!)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mānada

mānada - giving honor, conferring respect

Compound of 'māna' (honor) and 'da' (giver, bestower).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (māna+da)

• māna – honor, respect, pride, measure
  noun (masculine)
  From root √man.
  Root: man (class 4)
• da – giving, bestowing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the listener.

मोदतेः (modateḥ) - from (the root) `mod` (to rejoice, be glad)

(root)

Note: Another proposed etymology for 'mitra'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

ब्रवीति (bravīti) - The tradition/text declares these derivations. ((he/it) says, speaks, declares)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

From root √brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'tradition' or 'ancient texts'.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the aforementioned derivations/meanings. (that, this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Acts as the object of 'bravīti'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects clauses.

अमुत (amuta) - From those sources/roots (mentioned earlier). (from that, from there)

(indeclinable)

Adverb from 'adas'.

विप्रपूर्वात् (viprapūrvāt) - From the tradition that precedes or is taught by the wise/Brahmins. (from the learned tradition, from the prior wise ones, from the texts of Brahmins)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of viprapūrva

viprapūrva - having wise men/Brahmins as predecessors, taught by wise men, ancient tradition

Compound of 'vipra' (wise, learned, brahmin) and 'pūrva' (prior, ancient, first).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vipra+pūrva)

• vipra – wise, inspired, brahmin, priest
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vip (to tremble, inspire).
  Root: vip (class 1)
• pūrva – previous, ancient, former, eastern
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to the source of the etymological knowledge.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the entire statement about friendship qualities. (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'asti'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes that all qualities are present.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - All those characteristics of a friend. (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, entire

Note: Predicates about 'tat'.

मम (mama) - Refers to Duryodhana as 'my Duryodhana' (from the speaker's perspective, possibly Dhṛtarāṣṭra). (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Possessive adjective for Duryodhana.

दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - The qualities are present in Duryodhana. (in Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper noun)

Compound of 'dur' (difficult) and 'yodhana' (fighting).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root √yudh.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Location where the qualities reside.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

From root √as.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copular verb.