महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-29, verse-20

अप्रियो यः परुषो निष्ठुरो हि क्षुद्रः क्षेप्ता क्षमिणश्चाक्षमावान् ।
हन्यामहं तादृशानां शतानि क्षमामि त्वां क्षमया कालयोगात् ॥२०॥

20. apriyo yaḥ paruṣo niṣṭhuro hi; kṣudraḥ kṣeptā kṣamiṇaścākṣamāvān ,
hanyāmahaṁ tādṛśānāṁ śatāni; kṣamāmi tvāṁ kṣamayā kālayogāt.

20. apriyaḥ yaḥ paruṣaḥ niṣṭhuraḥ hi
kṣudraḥ kṣeptā kṣamiṇaḥ ca
akṣamāvān | hanyām aham tādṛśānām
śatāni kṣamāmi tvām kṣamayā kālayogāt

20. yaḥ apriyaḥ paruṣaḥ niṣṭhuraḥ hi kṣudraḥ kṣeptā ca kṣamiṇaḥ akṣamāvān (asti),
aham tādṛśānām śatāni hanyām kālayogāt kṣamayā tvām kṣamāmi

20. Indeed, one who is disagreeable, harsh, cruel, petty, an insultor, and unforgiving towards patient individuals – I would kill hundreds of such people. Yet, I forgive you now, owing to the exigencies of time.

Words meanings summery:

• अप्रियः (apriyaḥ) - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• परुषः (paruṣaḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

• निष्ठुरः (niṣṭhuraḥ) - cruel, hard, harsh, severe

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because, for

• क्षुद्रः (kṣudraḥ) - small, mean, petty, wicked

• क्षेप्ता (kṣeptā) - thrower, archer, reviler, insulter

• क्षमिणः (kṣamiṇaḥ) - of the patient, of those who forgive, of the enduring

• च (ca) - and, also

• अक्षमावान् (akṣamāvān) - impatient, unforgiving, not patient

• हन्याम् (hanyām) - I would kill, I might kill

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तादृशानाम् (tādṛśānām) - of such ones, of such kinds

• शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds

• क्षमामि (kṣamāmi) - I forgive, I endure

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• क्षमया (kṣamayā) - by forgiveness, with patience

• कालयोगात् (kālayogāt) - due to the connection with time, by the conjunction of time, by force of time

Words meanings and morphology

अप्रियः (apriyaḥ) - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apriya

apriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile

Compound of 'a' (negative prefix) and 'priya' (dear, beloved).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

परुषः (paruṣaḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe, unkind

From root √pṛṣ.

Root: pṛṣ

निष्ठुरः (niṣṭhuraḥ) - cruel, hard, harsh, severe

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣṭhura

niṣṭhura - cruel, hard, harsh, severe, pitiless

From ni- √sthā (to stand) + ura.

Prefix: ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because, for

(indeclinable)

Particle.

क्षुद्रः (kṣudraḥ) - small, mean, petty, wicked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, minute, mean, petty, wicked, low

From root √kṣud (to crush, pound).

Root: kṣud (class 7)

क्षेप्ता (kṣeptā) - thrower, archer, reviler, insulter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣeptṛ

kṣeptṛ - thrower, archer, reviler, insulter, scorner

Agent noun from √kṣip

Agent noun (nominative singular) from root √kṣip (to throw, cast, insult).

Root: kṣip (class 6)

क्षमिणः (kṣamiṇaḥ) - of the patient, of those who forgive, of the enduring

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣamin

kṣamin - patient, forgiving, enduring

From root √kṣam (to endure, forgive) with suffix -in.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अक्षमावान् (akṣamāvān) - impatient, unforgiving, not patient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṣamāvat

akṣamāvat - impatient, unforgiving, not enduring

Compound of 'a' (negative prefix) and 'kṣamāvat' (having patience).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣamāvat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• kṣamāvat – having patience, patient
  adjective (masculine)
  From kṣamā (patience) with matup suffix.

हन्याम् (hanyām) - I would kill, I might kill

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of han

Optative mood, active voice, 1st person singular

From root √han.

Root: han (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

तादृशानाम् (tādṛśānām) - of such ones, of such kinds

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of such a kind

From tad (that) + dṛś (see) + a (suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+dṛśa)

• tad – that, this
  pronoun (masculine)
• dṛśa – like, looking like
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √dṛś.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Often used substantively as 'such people'.

शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds

(noun)

neuter, plural of śata

śata - hundred

Note: Functions as accusative object of 'hanyām'.

क्षमामि (kṣamāmi) - I forgive, I endure

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṣam

Present tense, active voice, 1st person singular

From root √kṣam.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

क्षमया (kṣamayā) - by forgiveness, with patience

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - patience, forgiveness, endurance

From root √kṣam.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

कालयोगात् (kālayogāt) - due to the connection with time, by the conjunction of time, by force of time

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kālayoga

kālayoga - conjunction with time, influence of time, force of time (yoga)

Compound of 'kāla' (time) and 'yoga' (union, connection, conjunction, influence).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+yoga)

• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)
• yoga – union, connection, application, method, conjunction, influence (yoga)
  noun (masculine)
  From root √yuj.
  Root: yuj (class 7)