महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-29, verse-21

अवोचस्त्वं पाण्डवार्थेऽप्रियाणि प्रधर्षयन्मां मूढवत्पापकर्मन् ।
मय्यार्जवे जिह्मगतिर्हतस्त्वं मित्रद्रोही सप्तपदं हि मित्रम् ॥२१॥

21. avocastvaṁ pāṇḍavārthe'priyāṇi; pradharṣayanmāṁ mūḍhavatpāpakarman ,
mayyārjave jihmagatirhatastvaṁ; mitradrohī saptapadaṁ hi mitram.

21. avocaḥ tvam pāṇḍavārthe apriyāṇi
pradharṣayan mām mūḍhavat pāpakarmann
| mayi ārjave jihmagatiḥ hataḥ
tvam mitradrohī saptapadam hi mitram

21. pāpakarmann! tvam pāṇḍavārthe apriyāṇi avocaḥ,
(ca) mām mūḍhavat pradharṣayan (asi) mayi ārjave (sati) tvam jihmagatiḥ hataḥ (asi) (tvam) mitradrohī (asi),
hi saptapadam mitram (bhavati)

21. You spoke disagreeable words for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas, O evil-doer, assailing me like a fool. You, with your deceitful conduct, are ruined in my presence, who am honest. You are a betrayer of a friend, for indeed, one becomes a friend after (walking) seven steps.

Words meanings summery:

• अवोचः (avocaḥ) - you spoke, you said

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• पाण्डवार्थे (pāṇḍavārthe) - for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas

• अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - disagreeable things, unpleasant words

• प्रधर्षयन् (pradharṣayan) - assailing, attacking, insulting, violating

• माम् (mām) - me

• मूढवत् (mūḍhavat) - like a fool, foolishly

• पापकर्मन्न् (pāpakarmann) - Addressing the listener as one who performs evil deeds. (O evil-doer!, O one with evil deeds!)

• मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, regarding me

• आर्जवे (ārjave) - in uprightness, in honesty, in straightforwardness

• जिह्मगतिः (jihmagatiḥ) - one whose movement is crooked, one with devious conduct

• हतः (hataḥ) - struck, killed, destroyed, undone, cursed

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• मित्रद्रोही (mitradrohī) - betrayer of a friend, one hostile to a friend

• सप्तपदम् (saptapadam) - seven steps, by seven steps, consisting of seven steps

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because, for

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend, ally

Words meanings and morphology

अवोचः (avocaḥ) - you spoke, you said

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of vac

Aorist tense, active voice, 2nd person singular

From root √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

पाण्डवार्थे (pāṇḍavārthe) - for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍavārtha

pāṇḍavārtha - purpose/sake of the Pāṇḍavas

Compound of 'pāṇḍava' (Pāṇḍavas) and 'artha' (purpose, sake).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍava+artha)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from Pāṇḍu.
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as an adverbial phrase, meaning "for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas".

अप्रियाणि (apriyāṇi) - disagreeable things, unpleasant words

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of apriya

apriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile

Compound of 'a' (negative prefix) and 'priya' (dear, beloved).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Functions as a noun here, meaning 'unpleasant things/words'.

प्रधर्षयन् (pradharṣayan) - assailing, attacking, insulting, violating

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradharṣayat

pradharṣayat - assailing, attacking, insulting, violating

Present active participle

From pra- √dhṛṣ (to be bold, dare, assault).

Prefix: pra

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'tvam'.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Object of 'pradharṣayan'.

मूढवत् (mūḍhavat) - like a fool, foolishly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -vat added to mūḍha.

पापकर्मन्न् (pāpakarmann) - Addressing the listener as one who performs evil deeds. (O evil-doer!, O one with evil deeds!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāpakarma

pāpakarma - having evil deeds, evil-doer, one who performs evil actions

N-stem noun. Compound of 'pāpa' (evil, sin) and 'karman' (deed, action).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pāpa+karman)

• pāpa – evil, bad, sin, wicked
  adjective (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root √kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Vocative singular of an n-stem noun.

मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, regarding me

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

आर्जवे (ārjave) - in uprightness, in honesty, in straightforwardness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ārjava

ārjava - uprightness, honesty, straightforwardness, sincerity

From ṛju (straight) + aṇ suffix.

Note: Refers to the speaker's honesty, in contrast to the listener's crookedness.

जिह्मगतिः (jihmagatiḥ) - one whose movement is crooked, one with devious conduct

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jihmagati

jihmagati - having a crooked course, devious, deceitful in conduct

Compound of 'jihma' (crooked, sly) and 'gati' (going, movement, conduct).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jihma+gati)

• jihma – crooked, oblique, sly, deceitful
  adjective (masculine)
• gati – going, motion, course, conduct, state
  noun (feminine)
  From root √gam.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tvam'.

हतः (hataḥ) - struck, killed, destroyed, undone, cursed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, destroyed, ruined, lost, undone

Past passive participle

From root √han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicates about 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

मित्रद्रोही (mitradrohī) - betrayer of a friend, one hostile to a friend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitradrohin

mitradrohin - betrayer of a friend, one hostile to a friend

Compound of 'mitra' (friend) and 'drohin' (injuring, treacherous).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+drohin)

• mitra – friend, companion, alliance
  noun (neuter)
• drohin – injuring, treacherous, hostile
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √druh (to injure, hate) + -in.
  Root: druh (class 4)

सप्तपदम् (saptapadam) - seven steps, by seven steps, consisting of seven steps

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saptapada

saptapada - seven-stepped, consisting of seven steps

Compound of 'sapta' (seven) and 'pada' (step, foot).

Compound type : dvigu (sapta+pada)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• pada – foot, step, word, state
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used here to imply the act of walking seven steps together.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because, for

(indeclinable)

Particle.

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend, ally

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally, sun (as a deity)

From root √mid (to be fat/smooth, to love).

Root: mid

Note: The noun 'mitra' is neuter in Sanskrit, but often refers to a male friend.