महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-29, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
मद्राधिपस्याधिरथिस्तदैवं वचो निशम्याप्रियमप्रतीतः ।
उवाच शल्यं विदितं ममैतद्यथाविधावर्जुनवासुदेवौ ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
madrādhipasyādhirathistadaivaṁ; vaco niśamyāpriyamapratītaḥ ,
uvāca śalyaṁ viditaṁ mamaita;dyathāvidhāvarjunavāsudevau.

1. sañjaya uvāca madra-adhipasya adhirathiḥ
tadā evam vacaḥ niśamya apriyam
apratītaḥ uvāca śalyam viditam
mama etat yathā-vidhau arjuna-vāsudevau

1. sañjaya uvāca madra-adhipasya evam
apriyam vacaḥ niśamya apratītaḥ
adhirathiḥ tadā śalyam uvāca etat
arjuna-vāsudevau yathā-vidhau mama viditam

1. Sanjaya said: Having heard such unpleasant words from the King of Madra, Adhirathi (Karna), though displeased, then spoke to Shalya: "This is known to me, the true nature of Arjuna and Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)."

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मद्र-अधिपस्य (madra-adhipasya) - of the king of Madra

• अधिरथिः (adhirathiḥ) - Karna (son of Adhiratha (an epithet for Karna))

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• एवम् (evam) - thus, such

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, perceiving

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - referring to the words spoken (unpleasant, disagreeable)

• अप्रतीतः (apratītaḥ) - displeased, not pleased

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - to Shalya

• विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood

• मम (mama) - to me, my

• एतत् (etat) - referring to the statement 'the true nature of Arjuna and Vasudeva' (this)

• यथा-विधौ (yathā-vidhau) - the true nature or way they are (in what manner, truly are)

• अर्जुन-वासुदेवौ (arjuna-vāsudevau) - Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa (Arjuna and Vāsudeva)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (a name, Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac (to speak). 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

मद्र-अधिपस्य (madra-adhipasya) - of the king of Madra

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of madrādhipa

madrādhipa - king of Madra

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+adhipa)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (neuter)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)

अधिरथिः (adhirathiḥ) - Karna (son of Adhiratha (an epithet for Karna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhirathi

adhirathi - son of Adhiratha (a charioteer who raised Karna)

Derived from Adhiratha by adding -i (patronymic suffix).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, such

(indeclinable)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root śam (to calm, perceive) with upasarga ni and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund).

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - referring to the words spoken (unpleasant, disagreeable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked

Compound: a- (not) + priya (dear, pleasant).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (masculine)

अप्रतीतः (apratītaḥ) - displeased, not pleased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apratīta

apratīta - displeased, not satisfied, not evident

Past Passive Participle

Compound: a- (not) + pratīta (pleased, understood). Derived from root i (to go) with upasargas prati and a- prefix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratīta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• pratīta – convinced, pleased, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root i (to go) with upasarga prati.
  Prefix: prati
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used as an adjective for Adhirathi.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac (to speak). 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

शल्यम् (śalyam) - to Shalya

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (name of the King of Madra)

विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vid (to know) with suffix kta.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used substantively, 'that which is known'.

मम (mama) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me (1st person pronoun)

एतत् (etat) - referring to the statement 'the true nature of Arjuna and Vasudeva' (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this, that

यथा-विधौ (yathā-vidhau) - the true nature or way they are (in what manner, truly are)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yathāvidha

yathāvidha - of what kind, such as

Compound: yathā (as, like) + vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : avyayībhāva / karmadhāraya (yathā+vidha)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'how they are'.

अर्जुन-वासुदेवौ (arjuna-vāsudevau) - Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa (Arjuna and Vāsudeva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of arjunavāsudeva

arjunavāsudeva - Arjuna and Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

Compound type : dvandva (arjuna+vāsudeva)

• arjuna – Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vāsudeva – Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa, son of Vasudeva)
  proper noun (masculine)