महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-83, verse-12

सौमदत्तेः शिरो दृष्ट्वा निपतत्तन्महात्मनः ।
वित्रस्तास्तावका राजन्प्रदुद्रुवुरनेकधा ॥१२॥

12. saumadatteḥ śiro dṛṣṭvā nipatattanmahātmanaḥ ,
vitrastāstāvakā rājanpradudruvuranekadhā.

12. saumadatteḥ śiraḥ dṛṣṭvā nipatat tat mahātmanaḥ
vitrastāḥ tāvakāḥ rājan pradudruvuḥ anekadhā

12. rājan saumadatteḥ tat mahātmanaḥ nipatat śiraḥ
dṛṣṭvā vitrastāḥ tāvakāḥ anekadhā pradudruvuḥ

12. O king, seeing the falling head of that great-souled son of Somadatta, your men, terrified, fled in various directions.

Words meanings summery:

• सौमदत्तेः (saumadatteḥ) - of Bhūriśravas, son of Somadatta (of Somadatta's son)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - the head of Bhūriśravas (head)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• निपतत् (nipatat) - falling down, descending

• तत् (tat) - that, his

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Bhūriśravas, who was a noble warrior (of the great-souled one)

• वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified, frightened

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - King Dhritarashtra's soldiers (your men, your people, those belonging to you)

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O king)

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - fled, ran away

• अनेकधा (anekadhā) - in many ways, in various directions

Words meanings and morphology

सौमदत्तेः (saumadatteḥ) - of Bhūriśravas, son of Somadatta (of Somadatta's son)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Saumadatti

Saumadatti - son of Somadatta; Bhūriśravas

Patronymic from Somadatta

शिरः (śiraḥ) - the head of Bhūriśravas (head)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) of the root √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निपतत् (nipatat) - falling down, descending

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nipatat

nipatat - falling down, descending

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the root √pat with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śiraḥ'.

तत् (tat) - that, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'mahātmanaḥ'.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of Bhūriśravas, who was a noble warrior (of the great-souled one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – soul (ātman), self, spirit, mind
  noun (masculine)

वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitrasta

vitrasta - terrified, frightened, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √tras (to tremble) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tāvakāḥ'.

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - King Dhritarashtra's soldiers (your men, your people, those belonging to you)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, thine; (as noun) your people, your men

Derived from 'tava' (your) with suffix -ka

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Dhritarashtra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - fled, ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-dru

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

अनेकधा (anekadhā) - in many ways, in various directions

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dhā meaning 'in ways' applied to 'aneka'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (an+eka)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• eka – one, single, sole
  adjective (masculine)