महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-6, verse-24

ततस्तुमुलमाकाशमावृणोत्सदिवाकरम् ।
वातोद्धूतं रजस्तीव्रं कौशेयनिकरोपमम् ॥२४॥

24. tatastumulamākāśamāvṛṇotsadivākaram ,
vātoddhūtaṁ rajastīvraṁ kauśeyanikaropamam.

24. tataḥ tumulam ākāśam āvṛṇot sa-divākaram
vāta-uddhūtam rajaḥ tīvram kauśeya-nikara-upamam

24. tataḥ vāta-uddhūtam tīvram kauśeya-nikara-upamam
tumulam rajaḥ sa-divākaram ākāśam āvṛṇot

24. Then, a fierce, wind-blown, tumultuous dust, resembling a heap of silk, covered the sky along with the sun.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous (tumultuous, violent, fearful, great)

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the sky (sky, ether, space)

• आवृणोत् (āvṛṇot) - covered (covered, surrounded, concealed)

• स-दिवाकरम् (sa-divākaram) - along with the sun (with the sun, accompanied by the sun)

• वात-उद्धूतम् (vāta-uddhūtam) - wind-blown (wind-blown, agitated by wind)

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust (dust, pollen, impurity, passion)

• तीव्रम् (tīvram) - fierce (fierce, intense, violent, sharp, strong)

• कौशेय-निकर-उपमम् (kauśeya-nikara-upamam) - resembling a heap of silk

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous (tumultuous, violent, fearful, great)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, violent, fearful, great

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the sky (sky, ether, space)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, ether, space

आवृणोत् (āvṛṇot) - covered (covered, surrounded, concealed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āvṛ

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root vṛ (class 5, śnu-vikaraṇa) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

स-दिवाकरम् (sa-divākaram) - along with the sun (with the sun, accompanied by the sun)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sa-divākara

sa-divākara - with the sun

Bahuvrihi compound 'sa' (with) and 'divākara' (sun).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+divākara)

• sa – with, accompanied by, having
  indeclinable
• divākara – sun (lit. day-maker)
  noun (masculine)

वात-उद्धूतम् (vāta-uddhūtam) - wind-blown (wind-blown, agitated by wind)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vāta-uddhūta

vāta-uddhūta - wind-blown, agitated by wind

Past Passive Participle

Tatpurusha compound of 'vāta' (wind) and 'uddhūta' (blown up/agitated, PPP of root dhū with ud).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+uddhūta)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• uddhūta – blown up, agitated, shaken
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhū (class 5) with prefix ud.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust (dust, pollen, impurity, passion)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, pollen, impurity, passion

तीव्रम् (tīvram) - fierce (fierce, intense, violent, sharp, strong)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīvra

tīvra - fierce, intense, violent, sharp, strong

कौशेय-निकर-उपमम् (kauśeya-nikara-upamam) - resembling a heap of silk

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kauśeya-nikara-upama

kauśeya-nikara-upama - resembling a heap of silk

Tatpurusha compound of 'kauśeya-nikara' (heap of silk) and 'upama' (resembling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kauśeya+nikara+upama)

• kauśeya – silken, silk garment, silk cloth
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from kośa (sheath, bud, treasury).
• nikara – heap, multitude, collection, quantity
  noun (masculine)
• upama – likeness, simile, comparison; like, resembling
  adjective (neuter)