महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-6, verse-20

चत्वार्येतानि तेजांसि वहञ्श्वेतहयो रथः ।
परेषामग्रतस्तस्थौ कालचक्रमिवोद्यतम् ॥२०॥

20. catvāryetāni tejāṁsi vahañśvetahayo rathaḥ ,
pareṣāmagratastasthau kālacakramivodyatam.

20. catvāri etāni tejāṃsi vahan śvetahayaḥ rathaḥ
pareṣām agrataḥ tasthau kālacakram iva udyatam

20. śvetahayaḥ rathaḥ catvāri etāni tejāṃsi vahan
pareṣām agrataḥ udyatam kālacakram iva tasthau

20. The chariot, drawn by white horses and bearing these four splendors, stood before the enemies like a raised wheel of time.

Words meanings summery:

• चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

• एतानि (etāni) - these

• तेजांसि (tejāṁsi) - splendors, radiant powers, energies, lights

• वहन् (vahan) - carrying, bearing, conveying

• श्वेतहयः (śvetahayaḥ) - white-horsed

• रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

• परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of the enemies, of others

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of, before, foremost

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood

• कालचक्रम् (kālacakram) - wheel of time, wheel of death

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उद्यतम् (udyatam) - raised, uplifted, prepared, ready

Words meanings and morphology

चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

(numeral)

एतानि (etāni) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Agrees with tejāṃsi.

तेजांसि (tejāṁsi) - splendors, radiant powers, energies, lights

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tejas

tejas - splendor, radiance, energy, light, vigor, fire

वहन् (vahan) - carrying, bearing, conveying

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vah

vah - to carry, bear, convey, draw (a chariot)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vah- (to carry) with -at suffix, masculine nominative singular.

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rathaḥ.

श्वेतहयः (śvetahayaḥ) - white-horsed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvetahaya

śvetahaya - white-horsed, having white horses

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śveta+haya)

• śveta – white
  adjective (masculine)
• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rathaḥ.

रथः (rathaḥ) - chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Subject of tasthau.

परेषाम् (pareṣām) - of the enemies, of others

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of para

para - other, enemy, supreme, highest

Note: Connected with agrataḥ.

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front of, before, foremost

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas to agra.

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect 3rd singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root sthā.

Root: sthā (class 1)

कालचक्रम् (kālacakram) - wheel of time, wheel of death

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kālacakra

kālacakra - wheel of time, cycle of time, wheel of death/fate

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kāla+cakra)

• kāla – time, death, fate
  noun (masculine)
• cakra – wheel, disc, circle
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used in comparison with iva.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उद्यतम् (udyatam) - raised, uplifted, prepared, ready

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udyam

udyam - to lift up, raise, prepare, exert

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yam- (to restrain, to lift) with prefix ud- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Adjectival use.