महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-55, verse-3

कथमिन्दीवरश्यामं सुदंष्ट्रं चारुलोचनम् ।
मुखं ते दृश्यते वत्स गुण्ठितं रणरेणुना ॥३॥

3. kathamindīvaraśyāmaṁ sudaṁṣṭraṁ cārulocanam ,
mukhaṁ te dṛśyate vatsa guṇṭhitaṁ raṇareṇunā.

3. katham indīvaraśyāmam sudaṃṣṭram cārulocanam
mukham te dṛśyate vatsa guṇṭhitam raṇareṇunā

3. vatsa te indīvaraśyāmam sudaṃṣṭram cārulocanam
mukham raṇareṇunā guṇṭhitam katham dṛśyate

3. My dear child, how is it that your face, which is dark like a blue lotus, with beautiful teeth and lovely eyes, is now seen covered by the dust of battle?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• इन्दीवरश्यामम् (indīvaraśyāmam) - dark like a blue lotus, blue-black like a blue lotus

• सुदंष्ट्रम् (sudaṁṣṭram) - having beautiful teeth/fangs

• चारुलोचनम् (cārulocanam) - having beautiful eyes, lovely-eyed

• मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth

• ते (te) - your

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

• वत्स (vatsa) - dear child, calf

• गुण्ठितम् (guṇṭhitam) - covered, veiled, obscured

• रणरेणुना (raṇareṇunā) - by the dust of battle

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

इन्दीवरश्यामम् (indīvaraśyāmam) - dark like a blue lotus, blue-black like a blue lotus

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of indīvaraśyāma

indīvaraśyāma - dark like a blue lotus

Compound type : karmadhāraya (indīvara+śyāma)

• indīvara – blue water-lily, blue lotus
  noun (neuter)
• śyāma – dark, black, dark-blue, dark-green
  adjective (masculine)

Note: agrees with mukham

सुदंष्ट्रम् (sudaṁṣṭram) - having beautiful teeth/fangs

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudaṃṣṭra

sudaṁṣṭra - having beautiful teeth or fangs

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+daṃṣṭrā)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• daṃṣṭrā – tooth, tusk, fang
  noun (feminine)

Note: agrees with mukham

चारुलोचनम् (cārulocanam) - having beautiful eyes, lovely-eyed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cārulocana

cārulocana - having beautiful eyes, lovely-eyed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (cāru+locana)

• cāru – beautiful, lovely, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• locana – eye
  noun (neuter)
  Root: loc (class 10)

Note: agrees with mukham

मुखम् (mukham) - face, mouth

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth

Note: subject of dṛśyate

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: possessive, 'your'

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of dṛś

Passive present tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वत्स (vatsa) - dear child, calf

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, dear one

Note: addressing the listener

गुण्ठितम् (guṇṭhitam) - covered, veiled, obscured

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of guṇṭhita

guṇṭhita - covered, veiled, obscured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root guṇṭh- (to cover) with suffix -ta

Root: guṇṭh (class 10)

Note: agrees with mukham

रणरेणुना (raṇareṇunā) - by the dust of battle

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of raṇareṇu

raṇareṇu - dust of battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+reṇu)

• raṇa – battle, war, fight
  noun (masculine)
• reṇu – dust, pollen
  noun (masculine)

Note: agent of the passive participle guṇṭhitam