महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-29, verse-8

तावेकरथमारूढौ भ्रातरौ वृषकाचलौ ।
शरवर्षेण बीभत्सुमविध्येतां पुनः पुनः ॥८॥

8. tāvekarathamārūḍhau bhrātarau vṛṣakācalau ,
śaravarṣeṇa bībhatsumavidhyetāṁ punaḥ punaḥ.

8. tau ekaratham ārūḍhau bhrātarau vṛṣakācalau
śaravarṣeṇa bībhatsum avidhyetām punaḥ punaḥ

8. tau bhrātarau vṛṣakācalau ekaratham ārūḍhau
śaravarṣeṇa bībhatsum punaḥ punaḥ avidhyetām

8. Those two brothers, Vṛṣakācala, riding on a single chariot, repeatedly pierced Arjuna (Bībhatsu) with a shower of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Refers to Vṛṣaka and Acala. (those two)

• एकरथम् (ekaratham) - a single chariot

• आरूढौ (ārūḍhau) - mounted, ascended

• भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - brothers

• वृषकाचलौ (vṛṣakācalau) - Refers to the two brothers from Gāndhāra, identified as Vṛṣaka and Acala. (Vṛṣakācala (name of two individuals))

• शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows, by a rain of arrows

• बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - Refers to Arjuna. (Arjuna (epithet meaning 'one who hates terrible deeds'))

• अविध्येताम् (avidhyetām) - The two brothers, Vṛṣaka and Acala, pierced. (they pierced)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again

• पुनः (punaḥ) - Used in conjunction with the preceding 'punaḥ' to mean 'again and again'. (again)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Refers to Vṛṣaka and Acala. (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

एकरथम् (ekaratham) - a single chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekaratha

ekaratha - a single chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+ratha)

• eka – one, single
  numeral/adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

आरूढौ (ārūḍhau) - mounted, ascended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ārūḍha

ārūḍha - mounted, ascended, climbed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ruh' (to ascend, to mount) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - brothers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

वृषकाचलौ (vṛṣakācalau) - Refers to the two brothers from Gāndhāra, identified as Vṛṣaka and Acala. (Vṛṣakācala (name of two individuals))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛṣakācala

vṛṣakācala - Vṛṣakācala (proper name, likely a dvandva compound of Vṛṣaka and Acala)

Compound type : dvandva (vṛṣaka+acala)

• vṛṣaka – Vṛṣaka (name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• acala – Acala (name)
  proper noun (masculine)

शरवर्षेण (śaravarṣeṇa) - with a shower of arrows, by a rain of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)

बीभत्सुम् (bībhatsum) - Refers to Arjuna. (Arjuna (epithet meaning 'one who hates terrible deeds'))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - disgusting, abhorrent; (as a proper noun) Arjuna (one of his epithets)

अविध्येताम् (avidhyetām) - The two brothers, Vṛṣaka and Acala, pierced. (they pierced)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vyadh

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person dual

From root 'vyadh' (class 4) with 'a-' augment for past tense. The root takes 'i' in present/imperfect forms.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: The augment 'a' indicates past tense.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - Used in conjunction with the preceding 'punaḥ' to mean 'again and again'. (again)

(indeclinable)