महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-29, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
प्रियमिन्द्रस्य सततं सखायममितौजसम् ।
हत्वा प्राग्ज्योतिषं पार्थः प्रदक्षिणमवर्तत ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
priyamindrasya satataṁ sakhāyamamitaujasam ,
hatvā prāgjyotiṣaṁ pārthaḥ pradakṣiṇamavartata.

1. saṃjaya uvāca | priyam indrasya satatam sakhāyam amita-ojasam
| hatvā prāgjyotiṣam pārthaḥ pradakṣiṇam avartata

1. saṃjaya uvāca pārthaḥ indrasya satatam priyam amitaujasam sakhāyam prāgjyotiṣam hatvā,
pradakṣiṇam avartata.

1. Sañjaya said: Having slain the king of Pragjyotisha, who was a constant and beloved friend of Indra and possessed immeasurable prowess, Partha (Arjuna) then performed a circumambulation (pradakṣiṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved

• इन्द्रस्य (indrasya) - of Indra

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• सखायम् (sakhāyam) - friend

• अमित-ओजसम् (amita-ojasam) - of immeasurable prowess/splendor

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having slain

• प्राग्ज्योतिषम् (prāgjyotiṣam) - Pragjyotisha (referring to the king of Pragjyotisha)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (Arjuna)

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - performed a circumambulation (circumambulation (clockwise), auspicious turning)

• अवर्तत (avartata) - turned, revolved, performed, proceeded

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

From saṃ-ji (to conquer completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person, singular, active voice.

Irregular perfect formation of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, fond of

From root prī (to please).

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agrees with the object.

इन्द्रस्य (indrasya) - of Indra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of a Vedic deity, king of gods)

Note: Possessive, "friend of Indra".

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

From saṃ-tat (to stretch continuously).

Prefix: sam

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'priyam' and 'sakhāyam'.

सखायम् (sakhāyam) - friend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

Masculine noun, irregular declension.

Note: Object of 'hatvā'.

अमित-ओजसम् (amita-ojasam) - of immeasurable prowess/splendor

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amitaujasa

amitaujasa - of immeasurable prowess, possessing infinite vigor

Bahuvrihi compound: amita (immeasurable) + ojas (prowess, vigor).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (amita+ojas)

• amita – unmeasured, immeasurable, infinite
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (from mā with a- negative prefix)
  a (not) + mita (measured).
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 2)
• ojas – vigor, strength, prowess, splendor
  noun (neuter)
  Neuter s-stem.
  Root: uj

Note: Agrees with 'sakhāyam'.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having slain

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root han (to strike, kill) + suffix -tvā.

Root: han (class 2)

प्राग्ज्योतिषम् (prāgjyotiṣam) - Pragjyotisha (referring to the king of Pragjyotisha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāgjyotiṣa

prāgjyotiṣa - king of Pragjyotisha (an ancient kingdom, specifically Narakasura)

Derived from prāk (east) + jyotis (light), referring to a region or its ruler.

Note: Refers to Narakasura.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Partha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha, Arjuna (or Yudhishthira, Bhima)

Patronymic from Pṛthā (Kunti).

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - performed a circumambulation (circumambulation (clockwise), auspicious turning)

(indeclinable)

From pra (forth) + dakṣiṇa (right).

Note: Often adverbial, modifying 'avartata'.

अवर्तत (avartata) - turned, revolved, performed, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect tense, 3rd person, singular, middle voice.

With augment a- and middle ending -ta.

Root: vṛt (class 1)