महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-29, verse-23

ततस्तमः प्रादुरभूदर्जुनस्य रथं प्रति ।
तस्माच्च तमसो वाचः क्रूराः पार्थमभर्त्सयन् ॥२३॥

23. tatastamaḥ prādurabhūdarjunasya rathaṁ prati ,
tasmācca tamaso vācaḥ krūrāḥ pārthamabhartsayan.

23. tataḥ tamaḥ prādurabhūt arjunasya ratham prati |
tasmāt ca tamasaḥ vācaḥ krūrāḥ pārtham abhartsayanta

23. tataḥ arjunasya ratham prati tamaḥ prādurabhūt
tasmāt tamasaḥ ca krūrāḥ vācaḥ pārtham abhartsayanta

23. Then, darkness manifested around Arjuna's chariot. And from that darkness, cruel voices rebuked Pārtha (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, gloom

• प्रादुरभूत् (prādurabhūt) - appeared, became manifest

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that

• च (ca) - and, also

• तमसः (tamasaḥ) - from darkness

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - voices, speeches

• क्रूराः (krūrāḥ) - cruel, harsh, dreadful

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - An epithet for Arjuna (Pārtha)

• अभर्त्सयन्त (abhartsayanta) - they rebuked, they threatened

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, gloom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, primordial darkness

प्रादुरभूत् (prādurabhūt) - appeared, became manifest

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of prādurbhū

Aorist

Third person singular aorist active of the root bhū with adverbial prefix prādus

Prefix: prādus

Root: bhū (class 1)

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

प्रति (prati) - towards, to

(indeclinable)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those, them

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तमसः (tamasaḥ) - from darkness

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, primordial darkness

वाचः (vācaḥ) - voices, speeches

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, sound

क्रूराः (krūrāḥ) - cruel, harsh, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of krūra

krūra - cruel, harsh, dreadful, fierce, violent

पार्थम् (pārtham) - An epithet for Arjuna (Pārtha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

अभर्त्सयन्त (abhartsayanta) - they rebuked, they threatened

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bharts

Imperfect

Third person plural imperfect active of the root bharts (causative of bhraṃś)

Root: bharts (class 10)