महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-29, verse-40

हतैर्मनुष्यैस्तुरगैश्च सर्वतः शराभिवृष्टैर्द्विरदैश्च पातितैः ।
तदा श्वगोमायुबडाभिनादितं विचित्रमायोधशिरो बभूव ह ॥४०॥

40. hatairmanuṣyaisturagaiśca sarvataḥ; śarābhivṛṣṭairdviradaiśca pātitaiḥ ,
tadā śvagomāyubaḍābhināditaṁ; vicitramāyodhaśiro babhūva ha.

40. hataiḥ manuṣyaiḥ turagaiḥ ca sarvataḥ
śarābhivṛṣṭaiḥ dviradaiḥ ca
pātitaiḥ tadā śvagośmāyubaḍābhināditaṃ
vicitraṃ āyodhaśiraḥ babhūva ha

40. tadā vicitraṃ āyodhaśiraḥ
śvagośmāyubaḍābhināditaṃ babhūva ha hataiḥ
manuṣyaiḥ ca turagaiḥ ca dviradaiḥ
ca pātitaiḥ śarābhivṛṣṭaiḥ sarvataḥ

40. Then, the battlefield, a strange sight, resounded with the cries of dogs, jackals, and vultures. It was filled with men, horses, and elephants, slain and brought down from all sides, all having been showered with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain (men, horses, elephants) (by the slain, by the killed)

• मनुष्यैः (manuṣyaiḥ) - by men (killed in battle) (by men, by human beings)

• तुरगैः (turagaiḥ) - by horses (killed in battle) (by horses)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, entirely)

• शराभिवृष्टैः (śarābhivṛṣṭaiḥ) - by those (men, horses, elephants) upon whom arrows have rained (by those showered with arrows, by those upon whom arrows have rained)

• द्विरदैः (dviradaiḥ) - by elephants (killed in battle) (by elephants (lit. having two tusks))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पातितैः (pātitaiḥ) - by those (men, horses, elephants) brought down/fallen in battle (by those fallen, by those brought down)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• श्वगोश्मायुबडाभिनादितं (śvagośmāyubaḍābhināditaṁ) - resounded with the cries of dogs, jackals, and vultures (on the battlefield) (resounded with dogs, jackals, and crows/vultures)

• विचित्रं (vicitraṁ) - strange, unusual (strange, variegated, diverse)

• आयोधशिरः (āyodhaśiraḥ) - the battlefield (battlefield, front of battle)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, happened, was)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely (an emphatic particle))

Words meanings and morphology

हतैः (hataiḥ) - by the slain (men, horses, elephants) (by the slain, by the killed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hata

hata - slain, killed, destroyed, smitten

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) + 'kta' (past participle suffix).

Root: han (class 2)

मनुष्यैः (manuṣyaiḥ) - by men (killed in battle) (by men, by human beings)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being

तुरगैः (turagaiḥ) - by horses (killed in battle) (by horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of turaga

turaga - horse (lit. 'swift-goer')

From 'turu' (swiftly) and 'ga' (going, from root 'gam').

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere, entirely)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'sarva' (all) + 'tas' (suffix indicating "from" or "on").

शराभिवृष्टैः (śarābhivṛṣṭaiḥ) - by those (men, horses, elephants) upon whom arrows have rained (by those showered with arrows, by those upon whom arrows have rained)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śarābhivṛṣṭa

śarābhivṛṣṭa - showered with arrows, covered with a rain of arrows

Past Passive Participle

Compound: 'śara' (arrow) + 'abhivṛṣṭa' (rained upon). 'abhivṛṣṭa' is PPP from 'vṛṣ' (to rain) with 'abhi' (upon).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+abhivṛṣṭa)

• śara – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ
• abhivṛṣṭa – rained upon, showered, covered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛṣ' (to rain) + prefix 'abhi' + 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying men, horses, and elephants.

द्विरदैः (dviradaiḥ) - by elephants (killed in battle) (by elephants (lit. having two tusks))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dvirada

dvirada - elephant (lit. having two tusks/teeth)

Compound: 'dvi' (two) + 'rada' (tusk, tooth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+rada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• rada – tusk, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'rad' (to bite, tear).
  Root: rad (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पातितैः (pātitaiḥ) - by those (men, horses, elephants) brought down/fallen in battle (by those fallen, by those brought down)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown down, brought down, slain

Causative Past Passive Participle

From causative stem of root 'pat' (to fall) 'pātaya' + 'kta' suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies men, horses, and elephants.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad' (that) + suffix 'dā' (indicating time).

श्वगोश्मायुबडाभिनादितं (śvagośmāyubaḍābhināditaṁ) - resounded with the cries of dogs, jackals, and vultures (on the battlefield) (resounded with dogs, jackals, and crows/vultures)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śvagośmāyubaḍābhinādita

śvagośmāyubaḍābhinādita - resounded with dogs, jackals, and crows/vultures

Past Passive Participle

Compound: 'śvan' (dog) + 'gomāyu' (jackal) + 'baḍa' (crow/vulture) + 'abhinādita' (resounded). 'abhinādita' is PPP from 'nad' (to sound) with 'abhi'.

Compound type : dvandva (śvan+gomāyu+baḍa+abhinādita)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• gomāyu – jackal
  noun (masculine)
• baḍa – crow, vulture, raven
  noun (masculine)
• abhinādita – resounded, made to sound
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'nad' (to sound) + prefix 'abhi' + 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'āyodhaśiraḥ'.

विचित्रं (vicitraṁ) - strange, unusual (strange, variegated, diverse)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vicitra

vicitra - strange, wonderful, variegated, diverse, beautiful

'vi' (prefix) + 'citra' (picture, design, strange).

Note: Adjective modifying 'āyodhaśiraḥ'.

आयोधशिरः (āyodhaśiraḥ) - the battlefield (battlefield, front of battle)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āyodhaśiras

āyodhaśiras - head of the battle, vanguard, battlefield

Compound: 'āyodha' (battle) + 'śiras' (head).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āyodha+śiras)

• āyodha – battle, combat, fighting
  noun (masculine)
  From 'yudh' (to fight) with 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• śiras – head, top, peak, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, happened, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Active

Third person singular, perfect active, parasmaipada.

Root: bhū (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly, surely (an emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.