महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-29, verse-41

पिता सुतं त्यजति सुहृद्वरं सुहृत्तथैव पुत्रः पितरं शरातुरः ।
स्वरक्षणे कृतमतयस्तदा जनास्त्यजन्ति वाहानपि पार्थपीडिताः ॥४१॥

41. pitā sutaṁ tyajati suhṛdvaraṁ suhṛ;ttathaiva putraḥ pitaraṁ śarāturaḥ ,
svarakṣaṇe kṛtamatayastadā janā;styajanti vāhānapi pārthapīḍitāḥ.

41. pitā sutaṃ tyajati suhṛtvaraṃ suhṛt
tathā eva putraḥ pitaraṃ śarāturaḥ
svarakṣaṇe kṛtamatayaḥ tadā janāḥ
tyajanti vāhān api pārthapīḍitāḥ

41. pitā sutaṃ tyajati suhṛt suhṛtvaraṃ
tathā eva putraḥ śarāturaḥ pitaraṃ
tadā janāḥ pārthapīḍitāḥ svarakṣaṇe
kṛtamatayaḥ api vāhān tyajanti

41. A father abandons his son, and a friend abandons a dear friend. Likewise, a son, tormented by arrows, abandons his father. Then, people, solely intent on their own self-preservation, and tormented by Pārtha, abandon even their mounts.

Words meanings summery:

• पिता (pitā) - father

• सुतं (sutaṁ) - son (son, offspring)

• त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons (abandons, forsakes, leaves)

• सुहृत्वरं (suhṛtvaraṁ) - a dear friend (a dear friend, a best friend)

• सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend (friend, well-wisher)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, in the same way (so, thus, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - likewise (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• पितरं (pitaraṁ) - father

• शरातुरः (śarāturaḥ) - tormented by arrows (afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows)

• स्वरक्षणे (svarakṣaṇe) - on self-preservation (in self-preservation, for one's own protection)

• कृतमतयः (kṛtamatayaḥ) - solely intent (on self-preservation) (having their minds made up, resolved, determined)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, folk)

• त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - abandon (they abandon, forsake, leave)

• वाहान् (vāhān) - mounts (horses) (mounts, carriers, vehicles, horses)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

• पार्थपीडिताः (pārthapīḍitāḥ) - tormented by Pārtha (Arjuna) (afflicted by Pārtha, oppressed by Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

सुतं (sutaṁ) - son (son, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring, born

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sū' (to bear, produce) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: sū (class 2)

त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons (abandons, forsakes, leaves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Present Active

Third person singular, present active, parasmaipada.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

सुहृत्वरं (suhṛtvaraṁ) - a dear friend (a dear friend, a best friend)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suhṛtvara

suhṛtvara - a best friend, a dear friend

Compound of 'suhṛt' (friend) and 'vara' (best, excellent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suhṛt+vara)

• suhṛt – friend, well-wisher, good-hearted
  noun (masculine)
  'su' (good) + 'hṛd' (heart).
• vara – best, excellent, choice, boon
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

सुहृत् (suhṛt) - friend (friend, well-wisher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛt

suhṛt - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted

'su' (good) + 'hṛd' (heart).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

तथा (tathā) - likewise, in the same way (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad' (that) + suffix 'thā' (manner).

एव (eva) - likewise (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

पितरं (pitaraṁ) - father

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

शरातुरः (śarāturaḥ) - tormented by arrows (afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarātura

śarātura - afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows

Compound: 'śara' (arrow) + 'ātura' (afflicted, distressed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ātura)

• śara – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ
• ātura – afflicted, distressed, sick, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'at' (to wander) with 'ā' prefix, or more likely derived as 'suffering'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: at (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'putraḥ'.

स्वरक्षणे (svarakṣaṇe) - on self-preservation (in self-preservation, for one's own protection)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svarakṣaṇa

svarakṣaṇa - self-preservation, protection of oneself

Compound: 'sva' (one's own) + 'rakṣaṇa' (protection).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+rakṣaṇa)

• sva – one's own, self, own property
  pronoun/adjective
• rakṣaṇa – protecting, guarding, preservation, defense
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'rakṣ' (to protect) + 'ana' suffix.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the purpose or sphere of action.

कृतमतयः (kṛtamatayaḥ) - solely intent (on self-preservation) (having their minds made up, resolved, determined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtamati

kṛtamati - having one's mind made up, resolved, determined

Compound: 'kṛta' (done, made) + 'mati' (mind, intention).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+mati)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• mati – mind, thought, intention, opinion
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'man' (to think) + 'ti' suffix.
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'janāḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad' (that) + suffix 'dā' (indicating time).

जनाः (janāḥ) - people (people, men, folk)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

From root 'jan' (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the verb 'tyajanti'.

त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - abandon (they abandon, forsake, leave)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Present Active

Third person plural, present active, parasmaipada.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

वाहान् (vāhān) - mounts (horses) (mounts, carriers, vehicles, horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - carrier, bearer, vehicle, horse, draught animal

From root 'vah' (to carry).

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tyajanti'.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Preposition or particle.

पार्थपीडिताः (pārthapīḍitāḥ) - tormented by Pārtha (Arjuna) (afflicted by Pārtha, oppressed by Arjuna)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthapīḍita

pārthapīḍita - afflicted by Pārtha, tormented by Arjuna

Compound: 'pārtha' (Arjuna) + 'pīḍita' (afflicted, tormented).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārtha+pīḍita)

• pārtha – son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
  From 'pṛthā' (Kuntī) + 'aṇ' suffix.
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed, hurt
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pīḍ' (to oppress, torment) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Adjective modifying 'janāḥ'.