महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-168, verse-39

नानृतः पाण्डवो ज्येष्ठो नाहं वाधार्मिकोऽर्जुन ।
शिष्यध्रुङ्निहतः पापो युध्यस्व विजयस्तव ॥३९॥

39. nānṛtaḥ pāṇḍavo jyeṣṭho nāhaṁ vādhārmiko'rjuna ,
śiṣyadhruṅnihataḥ pāpo yudhyasva vijayastava.

39. na anṛtaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ na aham vā adhārmikaḥ
arjuna śiṣyadhruk nihataḥ pāpaḥ yudhyasva vijayaḥ tava

39. arjuna jyeṣṭhaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ na anṛtaḥ na vā aham adhārmikaḥ
śiṣyadhruk pāpaḥ nihataḥ yudhyasva tava vijayaḥ

39. O Arjuna, the eldest Pāṇḍava is not untruthful, nor am I one who acts against natural law (adhārmika). That sinful betrayer of his disciple has been slain. Fight! Victory is yours.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अनृतः (anṛtaḥ) - untruthful, false, untrue

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pandava (son of Pandu, Pandava)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - The eldest (Pandava), i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest, chief, best)

• न (na) - not, no

• अहम् (aham) - Refers to Krishna (the speaker) (I)

• वा (vā) - or

• अधार्मिकः (adhārmikaḥ) - unrighteous, impious, one who acts against natural law

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

• शिष्यध्रुक् (śiṣyadhruk) - Refers to Droṇa, who betrayed his duty towards his disciples (the Pandavas) by fighting against them. (betrayer of a disciple, harming a pupil)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain, killed

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful, wicked

• युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight! engage in battle!

• विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph

• तव (tava) - your, yours

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनृतः (anṛtaḥ) - untruthful, false, untrue

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruthful, false, untrue, lie

From `an-` (negation) + `ṛta` (truth, righteousness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛta)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix used before vowels
• ṛta – truth, righteousness, cosmic order
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies `pāṇḍavaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ`

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pandava (son of Pandu, Pandava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu

Taddhita derivation from `Paṇḍu`

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira here.

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - The eldest (Pandava), i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, principal

Superlative degree from `praśasya` (excellent)

Note: Modifies `pāṇḍavaḥ`

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - Refers to Krishna (the speaker) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अधार्मिकः (adhārmikaḥ) - unrighteous, impious, one who acts against natural law

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhārmika

adhārmika - unrighteous, impious, unjust, one who transgresses natural law (dharma)

From `a-` (negation) + `dharmika` (righteous), `ṭhak` suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharmika)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharmika – righteous, virtuous, dutiful
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from `dharma` with `ṭhak` suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `aham`

अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper name), white, clear

शिष्यध्रुक् (śiṣyadhruk) - Refers to Droṇa, who betrayed his duty towards his disciples (the Pandavas) by fighting against them. (betrayer of a disciple, harming a pupil)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣyadhruh

śiṣyadhruh - one who harms or betrays a disciple

Compound of `śiṣya` (disciple) and `druh` (to harm, betray), with final `h` becoming `k` in nominative singular before pause.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śiṣya+druh)

• śiṣya – disciple, pupil, student
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root `śās` (to teach, instruct) with suffix `ṇya`, meaning 'one to be taught'
  Root: śās (class 2)
• druh – to harm, injure, betray
  noun (masculine)
  From root `druh` (to harm)
  Root: druh (class 4)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root `han` (to strike, kill) with upasarga `ni-` and suffix `kta` (ta)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful, wicked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful; sin, evil deed

Note: Modifies `śiṣyadhruk`

युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight! engage in battle!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Imperative middle 2nd singular

From root `yudh` (to fight), imperative mood, middle voice, 2nd person singular

Root: yudh (class 4)

विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From `vi-` + root `ji` (to conquer)

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied "is"

तव (tava) - your, yours

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural or singular, as base)

Note: Possessive pronoun