महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-168, verse-29

यस्य कार्यमकार्यं वा युध्यतः स्यात्समं रणे ।
तं कथं ब्राह्मणं ब्रूयाः क्षत्रियं वा धनंजय ॥२९॥

29. yasya kāryamakāryaṁ vā yudhyataḥ syātsamaṁ raṇe ,
taṁ kathaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ brūyāḥ kṣatriyaṁ vā dhanaṁjaya.

29. yasya kāryam akāryam vā yudhyataḥ syāt samam raṇe
tam katham brāhmaṇam brūyāḥ kṣatriyam vā dhanañjaya

29. dhanañjaya,
yasya yudhyataḥ raṇe kāryam akāryam vā samam syāt,
tam katham brāhmaṇam vā kṣatriyam brūyāḥ

29. O Dhanañjaya, if someone fighting in battle considers what is proper action (kāryam) and improper action (akāryam) to be the same, how can you call such a person a Brahmin or even a Kṣatriya?

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - action, duty, what is to be done, proper action

• अकार्यम् (akāryam) - inaction, improper action, what is not to be done

• वा (vā) - or

• युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - of one fighting, fighting

• स्यात् (syāt) - might be, would be, let it be

• समम् (samam) - equal, same, alike, indifferent

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin

• ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you would say, you would call

• क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - a Kṣatriya (member of the warrior class)

• वा (vā) - or

• धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - O Dhanañjaya, O Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

कार्यम् (kāryam) - action, duty, what is to be done, proper action

(noun)

neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - action, duty, what is to be done, proper action

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from the root 'kṛ' with the suffix '-ya'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अकार्यम् (akāryam) - inaction, improper action, what is not to be done

(noun)

neuter, singular of akārya

akārya - inaction, improper action, what is not to be done

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+kārya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kārya – action, duty, what is to be done, proper action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
  Derived from the root 'kṛ' with the suffix '-ya'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - of one fighting, fighting

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the root 'yudh'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

स्यात् (syāt) - might be, would be, let it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

समम् (samam) - equal, same, alike, indifferent

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sama

sama - equal, same, alike, indifferent

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class)

ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you would say, you would call

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

क्षत्रियम् (kṣatriyam) - a Kṣatriya (member of the warrior class)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a Kṣatriya (member of the warrior class)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - O Dhanañjaya, O Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Dhanañjaya, Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)