महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-168, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
अर्जुनस्य वचः श्रुत्वा नोचुस्तत्र महारथाः ।
अप्रियं वा प्रियं वापि महाराज धनंजयम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
arjunasya vacaḥ śrutvā nocustatra mahārathāḥ ,
apriyaṁ vā priyaṁ vāpi mahārāja dhanaṁjayam.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca arjunasya vacaḥ śrutvā na ūcuḥ tatra
mahārathāḥ apriyam vā priyam vā api mahārāja dhanañjayam

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca mahārāja arjunasya vacaḥ śrutvā tatra
mahārathāḥ apriyam vā priyam vā api dhanañjayam na ūcuḥ

1. Sanjaya said: Having heard Arjuna's words, the great charioteers (mahārathas) present there did not speak to Dhanañjaya (Arjuna), O great king (Mahārāja), with either pleasant or unpleasant words.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• न (na) - not, no

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant words (unpleasant, disagreeable)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant words (pleasant, dear)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• अपि (api) - even (emphasizing 'either...or...') (even, also, too)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - to Arjuna (to Dhanañjaya (Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator of the Bhagavad Gītā)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense (lit) of root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्जुनस्य (arjunasya) - of Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of one of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense (lit) 3rd person plural of root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the battlefield.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting thousands of warriors

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often by metonymy)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'na ūcuḥ'.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant words (unpleasant, disagreeable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hostile

Negation of priya.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, pleasant, beloved
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies implied 'vacaḥ' (words).

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasant words (pleasant, dear)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, pleasant, beloved

Note: Qualifies implied 'vacaḥ' (words).

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (emphasizing 'either...or...') (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used with 'vā' to form 'either... or... also'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: This is Sanjaya addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

धनञ्जयम् (dhanañjayam) - to Arjuna (to Dhanañjaya (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Dhananjaya (epithet of Arjuna, meaning 'conqueror of wealth')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of the implied verb 'ūcuḥ'.