महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-168, verse-31

विधर्मिणं धर्मविद्भिः प्रोक्तं तेषां विषोपमम् ।
जानन्धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञः किमर्जुन विगर्हसे ॥३१॥

31. vidharmiṇaṁ dharmavidbhiḥ proktaṁ teṣāṁ viṣopamam ,
jānandharmārthatattvajñaḥ kimarjuna vigarhase.

31. vidharmiṇam dharmavidbhiḥ proktam teṣām viṣopamam
jānan dharmārthatattvajñaḥ kim arjuna vigarhase

31. arjuna,
dharmārthatattvajñaḥ (tvam),
vidharmiṇam dharmavidbhiḥ teṣām viṣopamam proktam jānan kim vigarhase

31. Knowing that one who violates natural law (dharma) is declared by those who know natural law (dharma) to be like poison to them, O Arjuna, you who understand the true essence of natural law (dharma) and purpose (artha), why do you censure me?

Words meanings summery:

• विधर्मिणम् (vidharmiṇam) - one who violates dharma, unrighteous one

• धर्मविद्भिः (dharmavidbhiḥ) - by those who know dharma, by the knowers of righteousness

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, proclaimed

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - to them, their, for them

• विषोपमम् (viṣopamam) - like poison, comparable to poison

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing, understanding

• धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (dharmārthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the true nature of dharma and artha, one who understands the essence of righteousness and purpose

• किम् (kim) - why, what

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

• विगर्हसे (vigarhase) - you blame, you censure

Words meanings and morphology

विधर्मिणम् (vidharmiṇam) - one who violates dharma, unrighteous one

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidharmin

vidharmin - one who violates dharma, unrighteous one

Formed from 'vi' + 'dharma' with the agentive suffix '-in'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)

धर्मविद्भिः (dharmavidbhiḥ) - by those who know dharma, by the knowers of righteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of dharma, knowing righteousness

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vid)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, knowing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root vid
  Derived from the root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, proclaimed

(adjective)

neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - declared, said, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root 'vac' (to speak), prefixed with 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - to them, their, for them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विषोपमम् (viṣopamam) - like poison, comparable to poison

(adjective)

neuter, singular of viṣopama

viṣopama - like poison, comparable to poison

Compound type : tatpurusha (viṣa+upama)

• viṣa – poison
  noun (neuter)
• upama – comparison, likeness, similar
  noun (masculine)

जानन् (jānan) - knowing, understanding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, understanding

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the root 'jñā'.

Root: jñā (class 9)

धर्मार्थतत्त्वज्ञः (dharmārthatattvajñaḥ) - knower of the true nature of dharma and artha, one who understands the essence of righteousness and purpose

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmārthatattvajña

dharmārthatattvajña - knower of the true nature of dharma and artha, one who understands the essence of righteousness and purpose

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+artha+tattva+jña)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – true nature, reality, essence
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root jñā
  Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

किम् (kim) - why, what

(indeclinable)

अर्जुन (arjuna) - O Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name), white, bright

विगर्हसे (vigarhase) - you blame, you censure

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vigarh

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)