महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-168, verse-38

पितामहं रणे हत्वा मन्यसे धर्ममात्मनः ।
मया शत्रौ हते कस्मात्पापे धर्मं न मन्यसे ॥३८॥

38. pitāmahaṁ raṇe hatvā manyase dharmamātmanaḥ ,
mayā śatrau hate kasmātpāpe dharmaṁ na manyase.

38. pitāmaham raṇe hatvā manyase dharmam ātmanaḥ
mayā śatrau hate kasmāt pāpe dharmam na manyase

38. pitāmaham raṇe hatvā ātmanaḥ dharmam manyase mayā
śatrau hate he pāpe kasmāt dharmam na manyase

38. Having slain your grandfather in battle, you consider it your own intrinsic nature (dharma). But when an enemy is slain by me, why, O wicked one, do you not consider *that* as accordance with natural law (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhishma, Arjuna's grandfather (grandfather)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, after killing

• मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider, you regard

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, natural law, intrinsic nature (accusative)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own, of the self (ātman)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• शत्रौ (śatrau) - "when the enemy is..." (locative absolute construction) (in the enemy, concerning the enemy)

• हते (hate) - "when (the enemy) is slain" (locative absolute construction) (having been killed, slain)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• पापे (pāpe) - O wicked one, O sinful one

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, natural law, intrinsic nature (accusative)

• न (na) - not, no

• मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider, you regard

Words meanings and morphology

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhishma, Arjuna's grandfather (grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, paternal grandfather

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, conflict

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, after killing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `han` (to strike, kill) with suffix `ktvā`

Root: han (class 2)

मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider, you regard

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present middle 2nd singular

From root `man` (to think), present tense, middle voice, 2nd person singular

Root: man (class 4)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, natural law, intrinsic nature (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature

From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own, of the self (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Used reflexively as "your own"

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

शत्रौ (śatrau) - "when the enemy is..." (locative absolute construction) (in the enemy, concerning the enemy)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction `śatrau hate`

हते (hate) - "when (the enemy) is slain" (locative absolute construction) (having been killed, slain)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root `han` (to strike, kill) with suffix `kta` (ta)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction `śatrau hate`

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of ablative meaning "for what reason, why"

पापे (pāpe) - O wicked one, O sinful one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful; sin, evil deed

Note: Used as an epithet, here in vocative

धर्मम् (dharmam) - duty, natural law, intrinsic nature (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature

From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle

मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider, you regard

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present middle 2nd singular

From root `man` (to think), present tense, middle voice, 2nd person singular

Root: man (class 4)