महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-168, verse-16

अधर्ममेतद्विपुलं धार्मिकः सन्न बुध्यसे ।
यत्त्वमात्मानमस्मांश्च प्रशंस्यान्न प्रशंससि ।
यः कलां षोडशीं त्वत्तो नार्हते तं प्रशंससि ॥१६॥

16. adharmametadvipulaṁ dhārmikaḥ sanna budhyase ,
yattvamātmānamasmāṁśca praśaṁsyānna praśaṁsasi ,
yaḥ kalāṁ ṣoḍaśīṁ tvatto nārhate taṁ praśaṁsasi.

16. adharmaṃ etat vipulam dhārmikaḥ san na
budhyase yat tvam ātmānam asmān ca
praśaṃsyān na praśaṃsasi yaḥ kalām
ṣoḍaśīm tvattaḥ na arhate tam praśaṃsasi

16. tvam dhārmikaḥ san etat vipulam adharmam
na budhyase yat tvam ātmānam asmān
ca praśaṃsyān na praśaṃsasi yaḥ tvattaḥ
ṣoḍaśīm kalām na arhate tam praśaṃsasi

16. Being a righteous person, you fail to grasp this significant injustice (adharma): that you do not praise your own self (ātman) and us, who are truly worthy of praise. Instead, you praise someone who does not deserve even a sixteenth part of your worth.

Words meanings summery:

• अधर्मं (adharmaṁ) - unrighteousness, injustice, non-dharma

• एतत् (etat) - this

• विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, great, extensive, abundant

• धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - righteous, pious, adhering to dharma

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• न (na) - not, no

• बुध्यसे (budhyase) - you understand, you perceive

• यत् (yat) - that, because, which

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - your own self, referring to the speaker's (Bhīma's) addressee (Yudhiṣṭhira) (your self, the individual soul (ātman))

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• च (ca) - and

• प्रशंस्यान् (praśaṁsyān) - praiseworthy ones, those to be praised

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रशंससि (praśaṁsasi) - you praise

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• कलाम् (kalām) - a part, a portion, a digit (of the moon), a minute

• षोडशीम् (ṣoḍaśīm) - sixteenth

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you

• न (na) - not, no

• अर्हते (arhate) - is worthy, deserves

• तम् (tam) - him

• प्रशंससि (praśaṁsasi) - you praise

Words meanings and morphology

अधर्मं (adharmaṁ) - unrighteousness, injustice, non-dharma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, demerit, anything contrary to natural law (dharma)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the act of not praising self/us while praising others.

विपुलम् (vipulam) - vast, great, extensive, abundant

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vipula

vipula - vast, great, extensive, abundant, spacious

Note: Modifies 'etat adharmaṃ'.

धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - righteous, pious, adhering to dharma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, pious, virtuous, relating to dharma (natural law, constitution)

Derived from 'dharma' with the 'ṭhak' (ika) suffix, meaning 'related to' or 'practicing'.

Note: Qualifies the implied 'you' (tvam).

सन् (san) - being, existing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true, real

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be), class 2.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms a predicate with 'dhārmikaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'budhyase'.

बुध्यसे (budhyase) - you understand, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Present tense, middle voice, 2nd person singular.

From root 'budh' (to know), class 4.

Root: budh (class 4)

यत् (yat) - that, because, which

(indeclinable)

Relative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular or conjunction.

Note: Functions as a conjunction 'that' or 'because'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

2nd person pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'na praśaṃsasi'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - your own self, referring to the speaker's (Bhīma's) addressee (Yudhiṣṭhira) (your self, the individual soul (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind, body

Note: Object of 'praśaṃsasi'.

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - us (plural), referring to the Pāṇḍavas

1st person pronoun.

Note: Object of 'praśaṃsasi'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'ātmānam' and 'asmān' with 'praśaṃsyān'.

प्रशंस्यान् (praśaṁsyān) - praiseworthy ones, those to be praised

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of praśaṃsya

praśaṁsya - praiseworthy, commendable, deserving praise

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root 'śaṃs' (to praise) with prefix 'pra-' and suffix 'ya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira himself and the Pāṇḍavas.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'praśaṃsasi'.

प्रशंससि (praśaṁsasi) - you praise

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Present tense, active voice, 2nd person singular.

From root 'śaṃs' (to praise), class 1, with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of 'na arhate'.

कलाम् (kalām) - a part, a portion, a digit (of the moon), a minute

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kalā

kalā - a small part, a fraction, a minute, a digit (of the moon), an art

Note: Object of 'arhate'.

षोडशीम् (ṣoḍaśīm) - sixteenth

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ṣoḍaśī

ṣoḍaśī - sixteenth, relating to the number sixteen

Feminine form of 'ṣoḍaśa' (sixteen).

Note: Modifies 'kalām'.

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Ablative singular of 'yuṣmad'.

Note: In comparison 'not even a sixteenth of you'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'arhate'.

अर्हते (arhate) - is worthy, deserves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular.

From root 'arh' (to be worthy), class 1.

Root: arh (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine accusative singular.

Note: Object of the final 'praśaṃsasi'.

प्रशंससि (praśaṁsasi) - you praise

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śaṃs

Present tense, active voice, 2nd person singular.

From root 'śaṃs' (to praise), class 1, with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)