महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-168, verse-23

षष्ठमध्ययनं नाम तेषां कस्मिन्प्रतिष्ठितः ।
हतो द्रोणो मया यत्तत्किं मां पार्थ विगर्हसे ॥२३॥

23. ṣaṣṭhamadhyayanaṁ nāma teṣāṁ kasminpratiṣṭhitaḥ ,
hato droṇo mayā yattatkiṁ māṁ pārtha vigarhase.

23. ṣaṣṭham adhyayanam nāma teṣām kasmin pratiṣṭhitaḥ
hataḥ droṇaḥ mayā yat tat kim mām pārtha vigarhase

23. ṣaṣṭham nāma adhyayanam teṣām kasmin pratiṣṭhitaḥ
yat droṇaḥ mayā hataḥ tat he pārtha kim mām vigarhase

23. The sixth [duty] is indeed study (adhyayana). Among those [duties], in which one was Droṇa established? Because Droṇa was slain by me, why do you blame me, O Arjuna?

Words meanings summery:

• षष्ठम् (ṣaṣṭham) - the sixth (duty) (the sixth)

• अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - (Vedic) study (adhyayana) (study, learning, self-study)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, called (by name, indeed, verily)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - among those (six duties) (of them, among them)

• कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which (duty) (in what, in whom, on what)

• प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - was established (Droṇa) (established, based, situated)

• हतः (hataḥ) - was slain (killed, slain, struck)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (the Kaurava general and guru) (Droṇa)

• मया (mayā) - by me (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (by me)

• यत् (yat) - because (which, because, that, so that)

• तत् (tat) - therefore (that, therefore)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why)

• माम् (mām) - me

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Arjuna, O son of Pṛthā)

• विगर्हसे (vigarhase) - you blame (you blame, you censure, you find fault with)

Words meanings and morphology

षष्ठम् (ṣaṣṭham) - the sixth (duty) (the sixth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ṣaṣṭha

ṣaṣṭha - sixth

Nominative singular of ṣaṣṭha (neuter)

अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - (Vedic) study (adhyayana) (study, learning, self-study)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, reading, especially of the Vedas (adhyayana)

Nominative singular of adhyayana (neuter)

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

नाम (nāma) - indeed, called (by name, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an intensifier or introduces a definition.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - among those (six duties) (of them, among them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Genitive plural of tad (masculine/neuter)

Note: Refers to the categories of duties.

कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which (duty) (in what, in whom, on what)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Locative singular of kim (masculine/neuter)

Note: Interrogative pronoun, referring to one of the duties.

प्रतिष्ठितः (pratiṣṭhitaḥ) - was established (Droṇa) (established, based, situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, founded, situated, firm, standing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used here in a rhetorical question.

हतः (hataḥ) - was slain (killed, slain, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Droṇaḥ.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (the Kaurava general and guru) (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a name)

Nominative singular of droṇa (masculine)

Note: Subject of the passive construction 'hataḥ'.

मया (mayā) - by me (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Instrumental singular of asmad

Note: Agent in passive construction.

यत् (yat) - because (which, because, that, so that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Causal conjunction.

तत् (tat) - therefore (that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - why (what, why)

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Accusative singular of asmad

Note: Object of blame.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Arjuna, O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Vocative singular of pārtha (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Arjuna.

विगर्हसे (vigarhase) - you blame (you blame, you censure, you find fault with)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vigarh

Present middle 2nd person singular

Root garh (to blame) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

Note: Expresses a question of reason.