महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-147, verse-9

ततस्तौ रथिनां श्रेष्ठौ सर्वलोकधनुर्धरौ ।
शैनेयप्रमुखान्पार्थानभिदुद्रुवतू रणे ॥९॥

9. tatastau rathināṁ śreṣṭhau sarvalokadhanurdharau ,
śaineyapramukhānpārthānabhidudruvatū raṇe.

9. tataḥ tau rathinām śreṣṭhau sarvalokadhanurdharau
śaineyapramukhān pārthān abhidudruvatū raṇe

9. tataḥ rathinām śreṣṭhau sarvalokadhanurdharau
tau raṇe śaineyapramukhān pārthān abhidudruvatū

9. Then, those two, the foremost among charioteers and the greatest archers in all worlds, rushed towards the Pārthas, led by Śaineya (Sātyaki), in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• तौ (tau) - (Duryodhana and Karṇa) (those two)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• श्रेष्ठौ (śreṣṭhau) - two foremost, two best

• सर्वलोकधनुर्धरौ (sarvalokadhanurdharau) - two archers of all worlds, two greatest archers

• शैनेयप्रमुखान् (śaineyapramukhān) - the Pārthas led by Sātyaki (those who have Śaineya (Sātyaki) as their chief/foremost)

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pāṇḍavas and their allies (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)

• अभिदुद्रुवतू (abhidudruvatū) - they rushed towards

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base tad with -tas suffix

तौ (tau) - (Duryodhana and Karṇa) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: refers to Duryodhana and Karṇa

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, one who has a chariot, warrior in a chariot

suffix -in added to ratha

श्रेष्ठौ (śreṣṭhau) - two foremost, two best

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, chief, most excellent, foremost

superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'

सर्वलोकधनुर्धरौ (sarvalokadhanurdharau) - two archers of all worlds, two greatest archers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sarvalokadhanurdhara

sarvalokadhanurdhara - one who holds a bow in all worlds, an unequalled archer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarvaloka+dhanurdhara)

• sarvaloka – all worlds, the whole world
  noun (masculine)
• dhanurdhara – archer, bow-bearer
  noun (masculine)
  from dhanus (bow) + √dhṛ (to bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'

शैनेयप्रमुखान् (śaineyapramukhān) - the Pārthas led by Sātyaki (those who have Śaineya (Sātyaki) as their chief/foremost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaineyapramukha

śaineyapramukha - having Śaineya (Sātyaki) as chief, led by Śaineya

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śaineya+pramukha)

• śaineya – son of Śini, Sātyaki
  proper noun (masculine)
  patronymic of Śini
• pramukha – chief, principal, foremost, led by
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Agrees with 'Pārthān'

पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pāṇḍavas and their allies (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), name for the Pāṇḍavas

patronymic from Pṛthā

अभिदुद्रुवतू (abhidudruvatū) - they rushed towards

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of abhidru

perfect tense

from abhi-√dru (to run)

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)