महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-147, verse-20

तमसा संवृते लोके न प्राज्ञायत किंचन ।
कौरवाणां प्रकाशेन दृश्यन्ते तु द्रुताः परे ॥२०॥

20. tamasā saṁvṛte loke na prājñāyata kiṁcana ,
kauravāṇāṁ prakāśena dṛśyante tu drutāḥ pare.

20. tamasā saṃvṛte loke na prājñāyata kiñcana
kauravāṇām prakāśena dṛśyante tu drutāḥ pare

20. loke tamasā saṃvṛte kiñcana na prājñāyata tu
kauravāṇām prakāśena drutāḥ pare dṛśyante

20. When the realm was covered in darkness, nothing at all could be discerned. But by the brilliance of the Kauravas, the others (their enemies) are indeed seen fleeing.

Words meanings summery:

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by gloom, by ignorance

• संवृते (saṁvṛte) - in the covered/enveloped (realm) (covered, enveloped, concealed)

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm, among the people

• न (na) - not, no

• प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - was perceived, was known, could be understood

• किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything whatsoever, something

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

• प्रकाशेन (prakāśena) - by light, by brilliance, by manifestation

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen, they appear

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• द्रुताः (drutāḥ) - fleeing, scattered, swiftly moving

• परे (pare) - the enemies (of the Kauravas) (others, enemies, the distant ones)

Words meanings and morphology

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by gloom, by ignorance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, a quality of inertia (tamas)

Root: tam (class 4)

संवृते (saṁvṛte) - in the covered/enveloped (realm) (covered, enveloped, concealed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, enveloped, concealed, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix saṃ.

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Adjective modifying 'loke'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm, among the people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्राज्ञायत (prājñāyata) - was perceived, was known, could be understood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of jñā

Imperfect Passive Third Person Singular

From root jñā (9th class) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything whatsoever, something

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiñcana

kiñcana - anything, something, whatever

From 'kim' (what) and 'cana' (particle).

Note: Acts as the subject of the passive verb 'prājñāyata'.

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the Kauravas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru, a member of the Kuru dynasty

प्रकाशेन (prakāśena) - by light, by brilliance, by manifestation

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, brightness, manifestation, appearance, fame

From root kāś (to shine) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen, they appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive Third Person Plural

Root dṛś (1st class) in passive voice, present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

द्रुताः (drutāḥ) - fleeing, scattered, swiftly moving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druta

druta - fled, run, swift, scattered, fluid

Past Passive Participle

From root dru (to run, flee).

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'pare'.

परे (pare) - the enemies (of the Kauravas) (others, enemies, the distant ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme, distant

Note: Subject of 'dṛśyante'.