महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-147, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
विद्रुतं स्वबलं दृष्ट्वा वध्यमानं महात्मभिः ।
क्रोधेन महताविष्टः पुत्रस्तव विशां पते ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
vidrutaṁ svabalaṁ dṛṣṭvā vadhyamānaṁ mahātmabhiḥ ,
krodhena mahatāviṣṭaḥ putrastava viśāṁ pate.

1. saṃjaya uvāca vidrutam svabalam dṛṣṭvā vadhyamānam
mahātmabhiḥ krodhena mahatā āviṣṭaḥ putraḥ tava viśām pate

1. saṃjaya uvāca: viśām pate,
mahātmabhiḥ vadhyamānam vidrutam svabalam dṛṣṭvā,
tava putraḥ mahatā krodhena āviṣṭaḥ (abhūt).

1. Saṃjaya said: O lord of men (viśāṃ pate), having seen his own army (svabala) routed (vidruta) and being struck down (vadhyamāna) by the great souls (mahātmabhiḥ), your son (Duryodhana) was overcome (āviṣṭa) by great anger (krodha).

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - routed, dispersed, fled

• स्वबलम् (svabalam) - Duryodhana's army (his own army, his own force)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being killed, being struck down, being harmed

• महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍava warriors (by the great souls, by the noble ones)

• क्रोधेन (krodhena) - by anger, with wrath

• महता (mahatā) - by great, with great

• आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overcome by anger (entered, possessed, overcome)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Duryodhana (son)

• तव (tava) - your

• विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of subjects, of people

• पते (pate) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O lord, O master)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper noun)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular form of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - routed, dispersed, fled

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vidruta

vidruta - routed, dispersed, fled, run away

Past Passive Participle

From prefix vi- and root √dru (to run).

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

स्वबलम् (svabalam) - Duryodhana's army (his own army, his own force)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svabala

svabala - one's own army, one's own strength/force

Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'bala' (strength, army).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bala)

• sva – own, self, one's own property
  adjective (neuter)
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being killed, being struck down, being harmed

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck down, being harmed

Present Passive Participle

From root √vadh (to strike, kill), passive stem formed with `ya` and present participle suffix `-māna`.

Root: vadh (class 1)

महात्मभिः (mahātmabhiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍava warriors (by the great souls, by the noble ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent, great person

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ātman' (soul, self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive participle `vadhyamānam`.

क्रोधेन (krodhena) - by anger, with wrath

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, rage

From root √krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Instrument of `āviṣṭaḥ`.

महता (mahatā) - by great, with great

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, eminent

आविष्टः (āviṣṭaḥ) - overcome by anger (entered, possessed, overcome)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, possessed, pervaded, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā- and root √viś (to enter).

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Used predicatively.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - Duryodhana (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

विशाम् (viśām) - of men, of subjects, of people

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, inhabitants, community

पते (pate) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, protector