महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-147, verse-8

वाक्प्रतोदेन तौ वीरौ प्रणुन्नौ तनयेन ते ।
प्रावर्तयेतां तौ युद्धं घट्टिताविव पन्नगौ ॥८॥

8. vākpratodena tau vīrau praṇunnau tanayena te ,
prāvartayetāṁ tau yuddhaṁ ghaṭṭitāviva pannagau.

8. vākpratodena tau vīrau praṇunnau tanayena te
prāvartayetām tau yuddham ghaṭṭitau iva pannagau

8. vākpratodena te tanayena praṇunnau tau vīrau
ghaṭṭitau iva pannagau tau yuddham prāvartayetām

8. Those two heroes, spurred on by your son's verbal taunt, initiated battle, just like two provoked snakes.

Words meanings summery:

• वाक्प्रतोदेन (vākpratodena) - by the verbal taunt (of Duryodhana) (by the goad of speech, by a verbal taunt)

• तौ (tau) - (referring to Duryodhana and Karṇa) (those two)

• वीरौ (vīrau) - two heroes, two brave ones

• प्रणुन्नौ (praṇunnau) - spurred into action (impelled, pushed forth, driven)

• तनयेन (tanayena) - by your son (Duryodhana) (by the son)

• ते (te) - of you (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (of you, your)

• प्रावर्तयेताम् (prāvartayetām) - they engaged in (battle) (they initiated, they set in motion)

• तौ (tau) - (referring to Duryodhana and Karṇa) (those two)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

• घट्टितौ (ghaṭṭitau) - provoked, struck, agitated

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• पन्नगौ (pannagau) - two snakes

Words meanings and morphology

वाक्प्रतोदेन (vākpratodena) - by the verbal taunt (of Duryodhana) (by the goad of speech, by a verbal taunt)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vākpratoda

vākpratoda - goad of speech, verbal taunt, stinging remark

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāc+pratoda)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
• pratoda – goad, spur, stimulus
  noun (masculine)
  derived from prati-√tud
  Prefix: prati
  Root: tud (class 6)

तौ (tau) - (referring to Duryodhana and Karṇa) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: refers to Duryodhana and Karṇa

वीरौ (vīrau) - two heroes, two brave ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty

प्रणुन्नौ (praṇunnau) - spurred into action (impelled, pushed forth, driven)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of praṇunna

praṇunna - pushed forward, driven, impelled, expelled

Past Passive Participle

from pra-√nud (to push)

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'tau vīrau'

तनयेन (tanayena) - by your son (Duryodhana) (by the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring, child

from √tan (to stretch, to procreate)

Root: tan (class 8)

ते (te) - of you (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (of you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Enclitic form of the 2nd person pronoun, functioning as a genitive

प्रावर्तयेताम् (prāvartayetām) - they engaged in (battle) (they initiated, they set in motion)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, ātmanepada, imperfect (laṅ) of pravartaya

causative

From pra-√vṛt (class 1, ātmanepada) in causative form. 3rd person dual Imperfect Ātmanepada.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तौ (tau) - (referring to Duryodhana and Karṇa) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: refers to Duryodhana and Karṇa

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

from √yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: object of prāvartayetām

घट्टितौ (ghaṭṭitau) - provoked, struck, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ghaṭṭita

ghaṭṭita - agitated, stimulated, provoked, struck, rubbed

Past Passive Participle

from √ghaṭṭ (to rub, strike, agitate)

Root: ghaṭṭ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'pannagau'

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

पन्नगौ (pannagau) - two snakes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pannaga

pannaga - snake, serpent (lit. 'moving on the ground/belly')

from panna (fallen, moved) + ga (going)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (panna+ga)

• panna – fallen, moved, gone
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from √pad (to go, fall)
  Root: pad (class 4)
• ga – going, moving, moving on
  adjective
  agent noun/derivative
  from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)