महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-147, verse-34

रजसा तमसा चैव संवृते भृशदारुणे ।
केवलं नामगोत्रेण प्रायुध्यन्त जयैषिणः ॥३४॥

34. rajasā tamasā caiva saṁvṛte bhṛśadāruṇe ,
kevalaṁ nāmagotreṇa prāyudhyanta jayaiṣiṇaḥ.

34. rajasā tamasā ca eva saṃvṛte bhṛśa-dāruṇe
kevalam nāma-gotreṇa prāyudhyanta jaya-eṣiṇaḥ

34. rajasā tamasā ca eva bhṛśa-dāruṇe saṃvṛte
kevalam nāma-gotreṇa jaya-eṣiṇaḥ prāyudhyanta

34. Enveloped by dust and darkness, in that exceedingly dreadful situation, those desirous of victory fought merely by calling out names and clans.

Words meanings summery:

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by gloom

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by gloom

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, even, only

• संवृते (saṁvṛte) - in a situation enveloped by dust and darkness (enveloped, covered, concealed)

• भृश-दारुणे (bhṛśa-dāruṇe) - in the exceedingly dreadful situation of battle (in the exceedingly dreadful (situation))

• केवलम् (kevalam) - only, merely, solely

• नाम-गोत्रेण (nāma-gotreṇa) - by name and clan

• प्रायुध्यन्त (prāyudhyanta) - they fought, they battled

• जय-एषिणः (jaya-eṣiṇaḥ) - those desirous of victory, seekers of triumph

Words meanings and morphology

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by gloom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, passion, menstrual fluid

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness, by gloom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, even, only

(indeclinable)

संवृते (saṁvṛte) - in a situation enveloped by dust and darkness (enveloped, covered, concealed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - enveloped, covered, concealed

Past Passive Participle

from sam-vṛ

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies an implied context/situation.

भृश-दारुणे (bhṛśa-dāruṇe) - in the exceedingly dreadful situation of battle (in the exceedingly dreadful (situation))

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhṛśadāruṇa

bhṛśadāruṇa - exceedingly dreadful, very terrible

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+dāruṇa)

• bhṛśa – very, exceedingly, much
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, fierce
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies an implied context/situation, alongside 'saṃvṛte'.

केवलम् (kevalam) - only, merely, solely

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kevala

kevala - only, mere, sole, isolated

Note: Functions adverbially here.

नाम-गोत्रेण (nāma-gotreṇa) - by name and clan

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāmagotra

nāmagotra - name and clan

Compound type : Dvanda (nāman+gotra)

• nāman – name
  noun (neuter)
• gotra – clan, family, lineage
  noun (neuter)

प्रायुध्यन्त (prāyudhyanta) - they fought, they battled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of prāyudh

Prefix: pra

Root: yudh (class 4)

जय-एषिणः (jaya-eṣiṇaḥ) - those desirous of victory, seekers of triumph

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jayaiṣin

jayaiṣin - desirous of victory

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (jaya+eṣin)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• eṣin – desirous of, seeking, wishing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun suffix -in
  from root iṣ, with suffix -in
  Root: iṣ (class 4)