महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-126, verse-33

राजन्ब्रूयाः सुतं मे त्वमश्वत्थामानमाहवे ।
न सोमकाः प्रमोक्तव्या जीवितं परिरक्षता ॥३३॥

33. rājanbrūyāḥ sutaṁ me tvamaśvatthāmānamāhave ,
na somakāḥ pramoktavyā jīvitaṁ parirakṣatā.

33. rājan brūyāḥ sutam me tvam aśvatthāmānam āhave
na somakāḥ pramoktavyāḥ jīvitam parirakṣatā

33. rājan tvam me sutam aśvatthāmānam āhave brūyāḥ
jīvitam parirakṣatā somakāḥ na pramoktavyāḥ

33. O King, you should tell my son Aśvatthāmā in battle: 'The Somakas are not to be released by anyone who wishes to preserve their life.'

Words meanings summery:

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you should tell (you should speak, you should tell, you might say)

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

• मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my, of me)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अश्वत्थामानम् (aśvatthāmānam) - Aśvatthāmā

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in war, at the battlefield

• न (na) - not, no, nor, neither

• सोमकाः (somakāḥ) - the Somakas (a tribe/people)

• प्रमोक्तव्याः (pramoktavyāḥ) - are to be released (or spared) (who should be released, to be let go, to be liberated)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - (one's) life (life, living, livelihood)

• परिरक्षता (parirakṣatā) - by one who wishes to preserve (their life) (by one protecting, by one preserving)

Words meanings and morphology

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Root: rāj (class 1)

ब्रूयाः (brūyāḥ) - you should tell (you should speak, you should tell, you might say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū

Optative active

Second person singular optative active of root 'brū'.

Root: brū (class 2)

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born

Past Passive Participle (from sū) also used as noun.

From root 'sū' (to beget).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of telling.

मे (me) - my (to me, for me, my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Enclitic genitive/dative form.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'brūyāḥ'.

अश्वत्थामानम् (aśvatthāmānam) - Aśvatthāmā

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - name of Droṇa's son, a celebrated warrior in the Mahābhārata

Note: Object to whom the message is to be told.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in war, at the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, contest, challenge

Prefix: ā

Root: hu (class 3)

न (na) - not, no, nor, neither

(indeclinable)

सोमकाः (somakāḥ) - the Somakas (a tribe/people)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - Name of a people or king, specifically a branch of the Pañcālas.

Note: Subject of the embedded clause.

प्रमोक्तव्याः (pramoktavyāḥ) - are to be released (or spared) (who should be released, to be let go, to be liberated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pramoktavya

pramoktavya - to be released, to be let loose, to be liberated, to be dismissed

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root 'muc' with prefix 'pra-' and suffix '-tavya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Used predicatively, expressing obligation or fitness.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - (one's) life (life, living, livelihood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (from jīv) also used as noun.

From root 'jīv' (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'parirakṣatā'.

परिरक्षता (parirakṣatā) - by one who wishes to preserve (their life) (by one protecting, by one preserving)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parirakṣat

parirakṣat - protecting, guarding, preserving

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'rakṣ' (to protect) with prefix 'pari-' and suffix '-śatṛ'.

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agent of the gerundive 'pramoktavyāḥ' in a passive construction, hence instrumental.