महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-126, verse-10

यान्स्म तान्ग्लहते तातः शकुनिः कुरुसंसदि ।
अक्षान्न तेऽक्षा निशिता बाणास्ते शत्रुतापनाः ॥१०॥

10. yānsma tānglahate tātaḥ śakuniḥ kurusaṁsadi ,
akṣānna te'kṣā niśitā bāṇāste śatrutāpanāḥ.

10. yān sma tān glahate tātaḥ śakuniḥ kurusaṃsadi
akṣān na te akṣāḥ niśitāḥ bāṇāḥ te śatrutāpanāḥ

10. tāta śakuniḥ kurusaṃsadi yān sma tān glahate,
te akṣāḥ na.
te niśitāḥ śatrutāpanāḥ bāṇāḥ.

10. O father, those things with which Shakuni gambled in the assembly of the Kurus—those were not dice (akṣa); rather, they were sharp arrows, tormenting enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• यान् (yān) - which, those which

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly, (particle indicating past tense or emphasis)

• तान् (tān) - those

• ग्लहते (glahate) - gambles, plays with dice

• तातः (tātaḥ) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Draupadī. (O father, dear one)

• शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Duryodhana's maternal uncle, known for his skill in dice. (Shakuni (proper name))

• कुरुसंसदि (kurusaṁsadi) - Refers to the infamous dice game in the assembly hall of Hastinapura. (in the assembly of the Kurus)

• अक्षान् (akṣān) - dice (accusative plural)

• न (na) - not

• ते (te) - those

• अक्षाः (akṣāḥ) - dice

• निशिताः (niśitāḥ) - sharp, whetted, keen

• बाणाः (bāṇāḥ) - arrows

• ते (te) - those

• शत्रुतापनाः (śatrutāpanāḥ) - tormenting enemies, distressing foes

Words meanings and morphology

यान् (yān) - which, those which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the 'dice' (implied objects of gambling).

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly, (particle indicating past tense or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with present tense verb 'glahate' to denote past action.

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yān'.

ग्लहते (glahate) - gambles, plays with dice

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of glah

Present Indicative (ātmanepada)

Root glah (class 1) forms the Present Indicative (laṭ) for the third person singular, middle voice.

Root: glah (class 1)

Note: Used with 'sma' to indicate past action.

तातः (tātaḥ) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Draupadī. (O father, dear one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of address for an elder)

Note: Used here in a vocative sense, although grammatically nominative.

शकुनिः (śakuniḥ) - Duryodhana's maternal uncle, known for his skill in dice. (Shakuni (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Shakuni (a proper name); bird

कुरुसंसदि (kurusaṁsadi) - Refers to the infamous dice game in the assembly hall of Hastinapura. (in the assembly of the Kurus)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kurusaṃsad

kurusaṁsad - assembly of the Kurus

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuru+saṃsad)

• kuru – Kuru (an ancient dynasty or people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• saṃsad – assembly, council, congregation
  noun (feminine)

अक्षान् (akṣān) - dice (accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of akṣa

akṣa - die, gaming-die, axle, eye

Note: Used adverbially here as 'as dice' or 'in the manner of dice'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the idea that they were truly 'dice'.

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the objects Shakuni gambled with.

अक्षाः (akṣāḥ) - dice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akṣa

akṣa - die, gaming-die, axle, eye

निशिताः (niśitāḥ) - sharp, whetted, keen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'bāṇāḥ'.

बाणाः (bāṇāḥ) - arrows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the 'arrows'.

शत्रुतापनाः (śatrutāpanāḥ) - tormenting enemies, distressing foes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatrutāpana

śatrutāpana - tormenting enemies, distressing foes

From root tap (to heat, torment) with suffix -ana, forming a noun of action or agent, compounded with śatru (enemy).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śatru+tāpana)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tāpana – tormenting, heating, causing pain
  adjective
  Agent noun / adjective from verbal root
  From root tap (to torment, heat) with suffix -ana.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bāṇāḥ'.