महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-126, verse-11

त एते घ्नन्ति नस्तात विशिखा जयचोदिताः ।
यांस्तदा ख्याप्यमानांस्त्वं विदुरेण न बुध्यसे ॥११॥

11. ta ete ghnanti nastāta viśikhā jayacoditāḥ ,
yāṁstadā khyāpyamānāṁstvaṁ vidureṇa na budhyase.

11. te ete ghnanti naḥ tāta viśikhāḥ jayacoditāḥ
yān tadā khyāpyamānān tvam vidureṇa na budhyase

11. tāta jayacoditāḥ te ete viśikhāḥ naḥ ghnanti.
tvam tadā vidureṇa khyāpyamānān yān na budhyase.

11. O father, these very arrows, impelled by victory, are now striking us down—arrows that you did not comprehend then, even though they were being explained by Vidura.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those

• एते (ete) - these

• घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - they kill, they strike down

• नः (naḥ) - us, to us, of us

• तात (tāta) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Draupadī. (O father, dear one)

• विशिखाः (viśikhāḥ) - arrows, pointed weapons

• जयचोदिताः (jayacoditāḥ) - impelled by victory, urged by victory

• यान् (yān) - whom, which

• तदा (tadā) - Refers to the time of the dice game. (then, at that time)

• ख्याप्यमानान् (khyāpyamānān) - Being explained or warned about by Vidura. (being proclaimed, being announced, being explained)

• त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (you)

• विदुरेण (vidureṇa) - Refers to Vidura, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's half-brother who was known for his wisdom and often advised against wrong actions. (by Vidura)

• न (na) - not

• बुध्यसे (budhyase) - You did not grasp the true nature of the 'dice' (arrows). (you understand, you comprehend)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Used along with 'ete' for emphasis.

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Used along with 'te' for emphasis, referring to the arrows.

घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - they kill, they strike down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Indicative

Root han (class 2) forms the Present Indicative (laṭ) for the third person plural.

Root: han (class 2)

नः (naḥ) - us, to us, of us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

तात (tāta) - An address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Draupadī. (O father, dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one (term of address for an elder)

विशिखाः (viśikhāḥ) - arrows, pointed weapons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśikha

viśikha - arrow; headless (weapon)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+śikha)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
• śikha – crest, peak, head, point
  noun (masculine)

जयचोदिताः (jayacoditāḥ) - impelled by victory, urged by victory

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jayacodita

jayacodita - impelled by victory, urged on by victory

Past Passive Participle

Compound of jaya (victory) and codita (impelled). Codita is from root cud (to impel).

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (jaya+codita)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
• codita – impelled, urged, prompted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root cud (to impel) with suffix -ita.
  Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'viśikhāḥ'.

यान् (yān) - whom, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the 'arrows' (viśikhāḥ).

तदा (tadā) - Refers to the time of the dice game. (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

ख्याप्यमानान् (khyāpyamānān) - Being explained or warned about by Vidura. (being proclaimed, being announced, being explained)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of khyāpyamāna

khyāpyamāna - being proclaimed, being announced, being caused to be known

Present Passive Participle (Causative)

From the causative stem of root khyā (to tell, relate), khyāpayati, forming the Present Passive Participle with suffix -māna.

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'yān'.

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

विदुरेण (vidureṇa) - Refers to Vidura, Dhṛtarāṣṭra's half-brother who was known for his wisdom and often advised against wrong actions. (by Vidura)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (proper name); wise, intelligent

Note: Indicates the agent of the action 'being proclaimed'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'budhyase'.

बुध्यसे (budhyase) - You did not grasp the true nature of the 'dice' (arrows). (you understand, you comprehend)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Present Indicative (ātmanepada)

Root budh (class 4) forms the Present Indicative (laṭ) for the second person singular, middle voice.

Root: budh (class 4)