महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-126, verse-20

यत्तत्सर्वे पराभूय पर्यवारयतार्जुनिम् ।
सिन्धुराजानमाश्रित्य स वो मध्ये कथं हतः ॥२०॥

20. yattatsarve parābhūya paryavārayatārjunim ,
sindhurājānamāśritya sa vo madhye kathaṁ hataḥ.

20. yat tat sarve parābhūya paryavārayata arjunim
sindhurājānam āśritya saḥ vaḥ madhye katham hataḥ

20. sindhurājānam āśritya yat tat sarve parābhūya
arjunim paryavārayata saḥ vaḥ madhye katham hataḥ

20. How was that King of Sindhu (Sindhurāja), who had taken refuge [in you all], and whom all of you, having defeated [the enemies], protected by surrounding him from Arjuna, killed right in your midst?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that which, who, which

• तत् (tat) - that, he, it

• सर्वे (sarve) - all the Kaurava warriors (all, everyone)

• पराभूय (parābhūya) - having overpowered, having defeated, having overcome

• पर्यवारयत (paryavārayata) - you all protected, you all kept away

• अर्जुनिम् (arjunim) - Arjuna

• सिन्धुराजानम् (sindhurājānam) - Jayadratha, the King of Sindhu (the king of Sindhu)

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having resorted to, having taken refuge in, relying on

• सः (saḥ) - he, the King of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (he, that)

• वः (vaḥ) - in your presence/midst (among you, by you, of you)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among, in the middle

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that which, who, which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - that which, who, which

Note: Refers to Sindhurāja.

तत् (tat) - that, he, it

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Corresponds to 'yat'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all the Kaurava warriors (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, entire

पराभूय (parābhūya) - having overpowered, having defeated, having overcome

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from prefix 'parā-' and root 'bhū-'. Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

Prefix: parā

Root: bhū (class 1)

पर्यवारयत (paryavārayata) - you all protected, you all kept away

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of parivāra

Imperfect active 2nd plural

Causative of √vṛ (to cover, enclose) with 'pari-' and 'ava-' prefixes. Means 'caused to be surrounded/protected' or 'protected/kept away'.

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

अर्जुनिम् (arjunim) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna

Note: Object from whom protection was offered.

सिन्धुराजानम् (sindhurājānam) - Jayadratha, the King of Sindhu (the king of Sindhu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sindhurāja

sindhurāja - king of Sindhu, Jayadratha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sindhu+rājan)

• sindhu – Sindhu (a river, region, or people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: This is the person being talked about.

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having resorted to, having taken refuge in, relying on

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from prefix 'ā-' and root 'śri-'. Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, the King of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

वः (vaḥ) - in your presence/midst (among you, by you, of you)

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Here likely implying 'in your presence/midst'.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among, in the middle

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially here.

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to kill, to slay

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han-' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.