महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-126, verse-22

यद्वस्तत्सर्वराजानस्तेजस्तिग्ममुपासते ।
सिन्धुराजं परित्रातुं स वो मध्ये कथं हतः ॥२२॥

22. yadvastatsarvarājānastejastigmamupāsate ,
sindhurājaṁ paritrātuṁ sa vo madhye kathaṁ hataḥ.

22. yat vaḥ tat sarvarājānaḥ tejaḥ tigmam upāsate
sindhurājam paritrātum saḥ vaḥ madhye katham hataḥ

22. yat vaḥ tigmam tejaḥ tat sarvarājānaḥ upāsate
sindhurājam paritrātum saḥ vaḥ madhye katham hataḥ

22. That fierce power (tejas) of yours, which all kings revere, and which was meant to protect the King of Sindhu (Sindhurāja) - how was he killed right in your midst?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that which, who, which

• वः (vaḥ) - of you (Kauravas) (your, of you)

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• सर्वराजानः (sarvarājānaḥ) - all kings

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - brilliance, power, energy, prowess

• तिग्मम् (tigmam) - sharp, fierce, fiery, potent

• उपासते (upāsate) - they revere, they serve, they attend upon, they possess

• सिन्धुराजम् (sindhurājam) - Jayadratha, the King of Sindhu (the king of Sindhu)

• परित्रातुम् (paritrātum) - to protect, to save completely

• सः (saḥ) - he, the King of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (he, that)

• वः (vaḥ) - in your (Kauravas') midst (among you, in your presence)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among, in the middle

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that which, who, which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - that which, who, which

Note: Refers to 'tejas'.

वः (vaḥ) - of you (Kauravas) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

सर्वराजानः (sarvarājānaḥ) - all kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvarājan

sarvarājan - all kings

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+rājan)

• sarva – all, whole, entire
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'upāsate'.

तेजः (tejaḥ) - brilliance, power, energy, prowess

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, power, energy, prowess

Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Object of 'upāsate'.

तिग्मम् (tigmam) - sharp, fierce, fiery, potent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tigma

tigma - sharp, fierce, fiery, potent

Root: tij

Note: Agrees with 'tejaḥ'.

उपासते (upāsate) - they revere, they serve, they attend upon, they possess

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upās

Present middle 3rd plural

Derived from prefix 'upa-' and root 'ās-'. Middle voice.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

सिन्धुराजम् (sindhurājam) - Jayadratha, the King of Sindhu (the king of Sindhu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sindhurāja

sindhurāja - king of Sindhu, Jayadratha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sindhu+rājan)

• sindhu – Sindhu (a river, region, or people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'paritrātum'.

परित्रातुम् (paritrātum) - to protect, to save completely

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from prefix 'pari-' and root 'trā-'. Expresses purpose.

Prefix: pari

Root: trā (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, the King of Sindhu (Jayadratha) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

वः (vaḥ) - in your (Kauravas') midst (among you, in your presence)

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

मध्ये (madhye) - in the midst, among, in the middle

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially here.

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, struck, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, to kill, to slay

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han-' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.