महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-88, verse-20

पितामहवचः श्रुत्वा त्वरमाणा महारथाः ।
उत्तमं जवमास्थाय प्रययुर्यत्र कौरवः ॥२०॥

20. pitāmahavacaḥ śrutvā tvaramāṇā mahārathāḥ ,
uttamaṁ javamāsthāya prayayuryatra kauravaḥ.

20. pitāmaha-vacaḥ śrutvā tvaramāṇāḥ mahārathāḥ
uttamam javam āsthāya prayayuḥ yatra kauravaḥ

20. pitāmaha-vacaḥ śrutvā tvaramāṇāḥ mahārathāḥ
uttamam javam āsthāya yatra kauravaḥ prayayuḥ

20. Having heard the words of their grandfather (Bhishma), the great charioteers, hurrying and adopting the utmost speed, went to where the Kaurava (Duryodhana) was.

Words meanings summery:

• पितामह-वचः (pitāmaha-vacaḥ) - the words of grandfather Bhishma (the words of the grandfather)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (the words) (having heard)

• त्वरमाणाः (tvaramāṇāḥ) - hurrying (warriors) (hurrying, hastening)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - the mighty warriors (Bhishma, Drona etc.) (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - utmost (best, highest, utmost)

• जवम् (javam) - speed (speed, swiftness, pace)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted (the speed) (having adopted, having taken, having resorted to)

• प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they went (they went forth, they departed)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

• कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - the Kaurava (Duryodhana) (a descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava)

Words meanings and morphology

पितामह-वचः (pitāmaha-vacaḥ) - the words of grandfather Bhishma (the words of the grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pitāmaha-vacas

pitāmaha-vacas - words of the grandfather

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitāmaha+vacas)

• pitāmaha – grandfather (Bhishma)
  noun (masculine)
• vacas – word, speech
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the words spoken by Bhishma.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (the words) (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root śru (to hear) + suffix ktvā

Root: śru (class 5)

त्वरमाणाः (tvaramāṇāḥ) - hurrying (warriors) (hurrying, hastening)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hurrying, hastening, quick

Present Middle Participle

From root tvar (to hurry) + śānac (middle participle suffix)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with mahārathāḥ.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - the mighty warriors (Bhishma, Drona etc.) (great charioteers, mighty warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verb prayayuḥ.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - utmost (best, highest, utmost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - best, highest, utmost, excellent

Note: Agreeing with javam.

जवम् (javam) - speed (speed, swiftness, pace)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, pace, impulse

From root ju (to be quick) or jū (to go quickly)

Root: ju / jū (class 1)

Note: Object of āsthāya.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted (the speed) (having adopted, having taken, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ā + root sthā (to stand) + suffix lyap

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they went (they went forth, they departed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pra-yā

Perfect Active

From pra + root yā (to go)

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

adverb of place

कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - the Kaurava (Duryodhana) (a descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru lineage

Derived from Kuru + aṇ suffix