महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-88, verse-10

पतत्यथ गजे चापि वङ्गानामीश्वरो बली ।
जवेन समभिद्रुत्य जगाम धरणीतलम् ॥१०॥

10. patatyatha gaje cāpi vaṅgānāmīśvaro balī ,
javena samabhidrutya jagāma dharaṇītalam.

10. patati atha gaje ca api vaṅgānām īśvaraḥ balī
javena samabhidrutya jagāma dharaṇītalam

10. atha gaje patati ca api,
vaṅgānām balī īśvaraḥ javena samabhidrutya dharaṇītalam jagāma

10. Then, as the elephant was falling, the mighty lord of the Vangas, having swiftly rushed forth, reached the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• पतति (patati) - as it (the elephant) was falling (falls)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• गजे (gaje) - when the elephant (was falling) (on the elephant, when the elephant)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• वङ्गानाम् (vaṅgānām) - of the Vangas (people/country)

• ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - ruler (lord, ruler, master)

• बली (balī) - mighty, powerful

• जवेन (javena) - with speed, quickly

• समभिद्रुत्य (samabhidrutya) - having quickly rushed down/dismounted (having rushed forth)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went (to the ground), he fell (to the ground) (he went)

• धरणीतलम् (dharaṇītalam) - to the ground (surface of the earth, ground)

Words meanings and morphology

पतति (patati) - as it (the elephant) was falling (falls)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Active

Root pat (1st class), Present Indicative, 3rd person singular

Root: pat (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to indicate sequence of events.

गजे (gaje) - when the elephant (was falling) (on the elephant, when the elephant)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'patati'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'ca' for emphasis.

वङ्गानाम् (vaṅgānām) - of the Vangas (people/country)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vaṅga

vaṅga - Vanga (name of a country or its people)

Note: Refers to the people or country over whom the king ruled.

ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - ruler (lord, ruler, master)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - master, lord, ruler, powerful

Note: Subject of 'jagāma'.

बली (balī) - mighty, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - mighty, powerful, strong

Note: Qualifies 'īśvaraḥ'.

जवेन (javena) - with speed, quickly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, velocity, quickness

Note: Adverbial instrumental, indicating manner.

समभिद्रुत्य (samabhidrutya) - having quickly rushed down/dismounted (having rushed forth)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dru with prefixes sam + abhi, suffix -lyaP

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Indicates a preceding action by the King of Vanga before 'jagāma'.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went (to the ground), he fell (to the ground) (he went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect

Root gam (1st class), Perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'īśvaraḥ'.

धरणीतलम् (dharaṇītalam) - to the ground (surface of the earth, ground)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharaṇītala

dharaṇītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharaṇī+tala)

• dharaṇī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, ground
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'jagāma' (place to which one goes).