महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-69, verse-38

तावकाश्च महेष्वासाः पाण्डवाश्च महारथाः ।
जुह्वन्तः समरे प्राणान्निजघ्नुरितरेतरम् ॥३८॥

38. tāvakāśca maheṣvāsāḥ pāṇḍavāśca mahārathāḥ ,
juhvantaḥ samare prāṇānnijaghnuritaretaram.

38. tāvakāḥ ca maheṣvāsāḥ pāṇḍavāḥ ca mahārathāḥ
juhvantaḥ samare prāṇān nijaghnuḥ itaretaram

38. tāvakāḥ maheṣvāsāḥ ca pāṇḍavāḥ mahārathāḥ ca
samare prāṇān juhvantaḥ itaretaram nijaghnuḥ

38. Your great archers and the great chariot-warriors of the Pandavas, sacrificing their lives (prāṇān) in battle, killed one another.

Words meanings summery:

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - The warriors on Dhṛtarāṣṭra's side, i.e., the Kauravas. (your people, your sons)

• च (ca) - and

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The five Pandava princes and their allies. (the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas)

• च (ca) - and

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors

• जुह्वन्तः (juhvantaḥ) - Offering up their lives (prāṇān) as a sacrifice in battle. (sacrificing, offering)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - Their own lives, offered up in the intensity of battle. (lives, vital breaths)

• निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck

• इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - mutually, each other

Words meanings and morphology

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - The warriors on Dhṛtarāṣṭra's side, i.e., the Kauravas. (your people, your sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you

Derived from 'tva' (you) + 'vun' (ka) suffix.

Note: Used substantively to refer to 'your people' or 'your sons'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, having a great bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣu+āsa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• iṣu – arrow, dart
  noun (masculine)
• āsa – thrower, archer, sitting, abode
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'as' (to throw) or 'ās' (to sit)
  Root: as/ās

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - The five Pandava princes and their allies. (the sons of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, relating to Pāṇḍu

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors simultaneously, great chariot-rider

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (on a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

जुह्वन्तः (juhvantaḥ) - Offering up their lives (prāṇān) as a sacrifice in battle. (sacrificing, offering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of juhvat

juhvat - sacrificing, offering, one who offers oblations

present active participle

From root 'hu' (to sacrifice), reduplicated (juhu) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'tāvakāḥ' and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - Their own lives, offered up in the intensity of battle. (lives, vital breaths)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, spirit (prāṇa)

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of 'juhvantaḥ'.

निजघ्नुः (nijaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of han

perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni', reduplicated.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - mutually, each other

(indeclinable)

A compound of 'itara' (other) and 'itara'.

Compound type : dvandva (itara+itara)

• itara – other, another
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• itara – other, another
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially as a reciprocal pronoun.