महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-69, verse-19

तस्य काञ्चनसूत्रस्तु शरैः परिवृतो मणिः ।
रराजोरसि वै सूर्यो ग्रहैरिव समावृतः ॥१९॥

19. tasya kāñcanasūtrastu śaraiḥ parivṛto maṇiḥ ,
rarājorasi vai sūryo grahairiva samāvṛtaḥ.

19. tasya kāñcanasūtraḥ tu śaraiḥ parivṛtaḥ maṇiḥ
rarāja urasi vai sūryaḥ grahaiḥ iva samāvṛtaḥ

19. His jewel on a golden chain, surrounded by arrows, shone on his chest like the sun encompassed by planets.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Duryodhana from previous verse) (his, its, of that)

• काञ्चनसूत्रः (kāñcanasūtraḥ) - golden chain (as part of the jewel's setting) (golden thread, golden chain)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded (by arrows) (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

• मणिः (maṇiḥ) - a jewel (on Duryodhana's chest) (gem, jewel, pearl)

• रराज (rarāja) - shone (shone, glittered, was resplendent)

• उरसि (urasi) - on (his) chest (in the chest, on the breast)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

• ग्रहैः (grahaiḥ) - by planets (by planets, by seizing ones)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• समावृतः (samāvṛtaḥ) - enveloped (by planets) (surrounded, covered, enveloped)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Duryodhana from previous verse) (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive pronoun.

काञ्चनसूत्रः (kāñcanasūtraḥ) - golden chain (as part of the jewel's setting) (golden thread, golden chain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāñcanasūtra

kāñcanasūtra - golden thread, golden chain, golden string

Compound of kāñcana (golden) and sūtra (thread, string).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kāñcana+sūtra)

• kāñcana – golden, made of gold
  adjective (neuter)
  From kañcana (gold) + aṇ suffix.
• sūtra – thread, string, rule, aphorism
  noun (neuter)
  From root siv (to sew) or sū (to bind) + tra suffix.
  Root: siv / sū

Note: Can be considered an attribute of maṇiḥ or a distinct noun in apposition.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

From root śṝ (to break, crush) or śṛ (to hurt).

Root: śṝ / śṛ

Note: Denotes the means by which the jewel is surrounded.

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded (by arrows) (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, enclosed

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

मणिः (maṇiḥ) - a jewel (on Duryodhana's chest) (gem, jewel, pearl)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maṇi

maṇi - jewel, gem, pearl, bead

i-stem noun.

रराज (rarāja) - shone (shone, glittered, was resplendent)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of rāj

Perfect

From root rāj (to shine, rule). Reduplicated perfect.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

उरसि (urasi) - on (his) chest (in the chest, on the breast)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of uras

uras - chest, breast, heart

s-stem noun.

Note: Location of shining.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, sun god

From root sū (to generate, impel) or svar (heavenly light).

Root: sū / svar

Note: Subject of the simile.

ग्रहैः (grahaiḥ) - by planets (by planets, by seizing ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of graha

graha - planet, seizing, grasping, demon, bucket (for water)

From root grah (to seize, grasp) + a suffix.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Agent of samāvṛtaḥ in the simile.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

समावृतः (samāvṛtaḥ) - enveloped (by planets) (surrounded, covered, enveloped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāvṛta

samāvṛta - completely surrounded, covered, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefixes sam-ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)