महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-69, verse-10

न विव्यथे च निर्भिन्नो द्रौणिर्गाण्डीवधन्वना ।
तथैव शरवर्षाणि प्रतिमुञ्चन्नविह्वलः ।
तस्थौ स समरे राजंस्त्रातुमिच्छन्महाव्रतम् ॥१०॥

10. na vivyathe ca nirbhinno drauṇirgāṇḍīvadhanvanā ,
tathaiva śaravarṣāṇi pratimuñcannavihvalaḥ ,
tasthau sa samare rājaṁstrātumicchanmahāvratam.

10. na vivyathe ca nirbhinnaḥ drauṇiḥ
gāṇḍīvadhanvanā tathā eva śaravarṣāṇi
pratimucchan avihvalaḥ tasthau saḥ
samare rājan trātum icchan mahāvratam

10. rājan gāṇḍīvadhanvanā nirbhinnaḥ
drauṇiḥ ca na vivyathe tathā eva avihvalaḥ
śaravarṣāṇi pratimucchan saḥ
mahāvratam trātum icchan samare tasthau

10. O King, even though pierced by Arjuna, the wielder of Gāṇḍīva, Drauṇi (Ashvatthama) was not disturbed. He stood unshaken in battle, showering arrows in return, desiring to protect his great vow.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• विव्यथे (vivyathe) - was disturbed, was pained, wavered

• च (ca) - and, also

• निर्भिन्नः (nirbhinnaḥ) - pierced through, split, wounded

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Ashvatthama (son of Droṇa, Ashvatthama)

• गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by Arjuna (by the one who has Gāṇḍīva as his bow (Arjuna))

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, so

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, even

• शरवर्षाणि (śaravarṣāṇi) - showers of arrows

• प्रतिमुच्छन् (pratimucchan) - releasing in return, showering back

• अविह्वलः (avihvalaḥ) - unshaken, undisturbed, firm

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained

• सः (saḥ) - he

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• त्रातुम् (trātum) - to protect, to save

• इच्छन् (icchan) - wishing, desiring

• महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - the great vow/duty (of protecting Duryodhana or his side) (great vow, great austerity, great duty)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विव्यथे (vivyathe) - was disturbed, was pained, wavered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of vyath

Perfect Middle

Root: vyath (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निर्भिन्नः (nirbhinnaḥ) - pierced through, split, wounded

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirbhinna

nirbhinna - pierced, split, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from niḥ + bhid (to break).

Prefix: nis

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Qualifies Drauṇi.

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Ashvatthama (son of Droṇa, Ashvatthama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa, Ashvatthama

Patronymic of Droṇa.

गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by Arjuna (by the one who has Gāṇḍīva as his bow (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - one whose bow is Gāṇḍīva, an epithet of Arjuna

Bahuvrihi compound, refers to Arjuna.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gāṇḍīva+dhanvan)

• gāṇḍīva – Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow)
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanvan – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शरवर्षाणि (śaravarṣāṇi) - showers of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows

Tatpurusha compound: śara (arrow) + varṣa (rain/shower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'pratimucchan'.

प्रतिमुच्छन् (pratimucchan) - releasing in return, showering back

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratimuc

pratimuc - to release, to return, to throw back

Present Active Participle

From prati + muc (to release).

Prefix: prati

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Drauṇi (saḥ).

अविह्वलः (avihvalaḥ) - unshaken, undisturbed, firm

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avihvala

avihvala - unshaken, firm, steady

Negative prefix 'a' + vihvala (shaken).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vihvala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vihvala – shaken, agitated, disturbed
  adjective
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hvṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Drauṇi (saḥ).

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood, remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect Active

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Drauṇi.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

Root: rāj

त्रातुम् (trātum) - to protect, to save

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of trā

Infinitive

Root: trā (class 2)

इच्छन् (icchan) - wishing, desiring

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of icch

icch - to wish, to desire

Present Active Participle

From root iṣ (to wish).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Drauṇi (saḥ).

महाव्रतम् (mahāvratam) - the great vow/duty (of protecting Duryodhana or his side) (great vow, great austerity, great duty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāvrata

mahāvrata - great vow, great observance

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + vrata (vow).

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+vrata)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vrata – vow, observance, duty
  noun (neuter)