महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-69, verse-18

आकर्णप्रहितैस्तीक्ष्णैर्वेगितैस्तिग्मतेजनैः ।
अविध्यत्तूर्णमव्यग्रः कुरुराजं महोरसि ॥१८॥

18. ākarṇaprahitaistīkṣṇairvegitaistigmatejanaiḥ ,
avidhyattūrṇamavyagraḥ kururājaṁ mahorasi.

18. ākarṇaprahitaiḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ vegitaiḥ tigmatejanaiḥ
avidhyat tūrṇam avyagraḥ kururājam mahorasi

18. Undistracted, he swiftly pierced the King of Kurus in his broad chest with sharp, swift arrows that were drawn back to the ear and had keen points.

Words meanings summery:

• आकर्णप्रहितैः (ākarṇaprahitaiḥ) - by arrows drawn back to the ear (by those sent up to the ear, by arrows shot up to the ear)

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - by sharp (arrows) (by sharp ones)

• वेगितैः (vegitaiḥ) - by swift (arrows) (by swift ones, by rapid ones)

• तिग्मतेजनैः (tigmatejanaiḥ) - by (arrows) with keen points (by keen-pointed ones, by sharp-edged ones)

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he (the warrior) pierced (he pierced, he struck)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

• अव्यग्रः (avyagraḥ) - undistracted (the warrior) (unagitated, undistracted, calm)

• कुरुराजम् (kururājam) - Duryodhana, the king of Kurus (the king of Kurus)

• महोरसि (mahorasi) - in the broad chest (of Duryodhana) (in the great chest, in the broad chest)

Words meanings and morphology

आकर्णप्रहितैः (ākarṇaprahitaiḥ) - by arrows drawn back to the ear (by those sent up to the ear, by arrows shot up to the ear)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ākarṇaprahita

ākarṇaprahita - shot up to the ear, drawn back to the ear

Past Passive Participle

From pra- (prā-) + hi root (to send, cast) with ākarṇa (up to the ear) as a pre-compound element.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ākarṇa+prahita)

• ākarṇa – up to the ear
  indeclinable
  From ā (up to) + karṇa (ear). Here acts as a prefix.
• prahita – sent, dispatched, cast
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hi (to send, cast) with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hi (class 3)

Note: Qualifies implied arrows.

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - by sharp (arrows) (by sharp ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent

From root tij (to be sharp) + sna suffix

Root: tij

Note: Qualifies implied arrows.

वेगितैः (vegitaiḥ) - by swift (arrows) (by swift ones, by rapid ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vegita

vegita - swift, rapid, impelled

Past Passive Participle

From root vij (to tremble, move quickly) or vī (to move) with -ita suffix. Often derived from vega (speed) + ita (possessing).

Note: Qualifies implied arrows.

तिग्मतेजनैः (tigmatejanaiḥ) - by (arrows) with keen points (by keen-pointed ones, by sharp-edged ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tigmatejana

tigmatejana - sharp-pointed, having keen edges

Compound of tigma (sharp) and tejana (sharpening, point, edge).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tigma+tejana)

• tigma – sharp, keen, hot
  adjective
  From root tij (to be sharp) + ma suffix.
  Root: tij
• tejana – sharpening, point, edge, arrow
  noun (neuter)
  From root tij (to sharpen) + ana suffix.
  Root: tij

Note: Qualifies implied arrows.

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - he (the warrior) pierced (he pierced, he struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vidh

Imperfect

Root vyadh (to pierce, strike) becomes vidh in some tenses/modes. 4th class verb. a- is augment for imperfect.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Root: tur

Note: Adverb.

अव्यग्रः (avyagraḥ) - undistracted (the warrior) (unagitated, undistracted, calm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avyagra

avyagra - not agitated, calm, undistracted, composed

Negative compound a- + vyagra.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyagra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vyagra – agitated, engrossed, absorbed
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi + agra (foremost, tip). vy suggests vi+añc (to bend) or vyā-√gṛh (to grasp) via vyāgra (tiger, hence fierce, agitated).
  Prefix: vi

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of avidhyat.

कुरुराजम् (kururājam) - Duryodhana, the king of Kurus (the king of Kurus)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kururāja

kururāja - king of the Kurus

Compound of kuru (name of a tribe/dynasty) and rāja (king).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kuru+rāja)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty/territory)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root rāj (to shine, rule) + an suffix.
  Root: rāj

Note: Object of avidhyat.

महोरसि (mahorasi) - in the broad chest (of Duryodhana) (in the great chest, in the broad chest)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahoras

mahoras - having a great chest, broad-chested (as adjective); great chest (as noun)

Compound of mahā (great) and uras (chest).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+uras)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahat. Used as a prefix for compounds.
• uras – chest, breast
  noun (neuter)
  s-stem noun.

Note: Location of piercing.