महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-69, verse-37

ततः समाकुले तस्मिन्वर्तमाने महाभये ।
अभ्यद्रवञ्जिघांसन्तः परस्परवधैषिणः ॥३७॥

37. tataḥ samākule tasminvartamāne mahābhaye ,
abhyadravañjighāṁsantaḥ parasparavadhaiṣiṇaḥ.

37. tataḥ samākule tasmin vartamāne mahābhaye
abhyadravan jighāṃsantaḥ parasparavadhaiṣiṇaḥ

37. tataḥ tasmin samākule mahābhaye vartamāne
parasparavadhaiṣiṇaḥ jighāṃsantaḥ abhyadravan

37. Then, when great fear and confusion prevailed, those desiring mutual destruction and intending to slay rushed against each other.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• समाकुले (samākule) - confused, agitated, tumultuous

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (situation of great fear) (in that, in him/it)

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while existing, while prevailing (existing, being, taking place, present)

• महाभये (mahābhaye) - in great fear, in great danger

• अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards, attacked

• जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - wishing to kill, desiring to slay

• परस्परवधैषिणः (parasparavadhaiṣiṇaḥ) - desiring mutual destruction, seeking to kill each other

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

समाकुले (samākule) - confused, agitated, tumultuous

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of samākula

samākula - crowded, confused, agitated, tumultuous

From 'sam' + 'ā' + root 'kul' (to collect, crowd)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mahābhaye' in a locative absolute construction.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (situation of great fear) (in that, in him/it)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to the prevailing atmosphere or situation, agreeing with 'mahābhaye'.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while existing, while prevailing (existing, being, taking place, present)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current

Present Middle Participle

From root 'vṛt' (to be, exist)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahābhaye' in a locative absolute construction.

महाभये (mahābhaye) - in great fear, in great danger

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahābhaya

mahābhaya - great fear, great danger

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhaya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
  Feminine stem of 'mahant'
• bhaya – fear, dread, danger
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'bhī' (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Core of the locative absolute construction.

अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they rushed towards, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dru

Imperfect Tense

From 'abhi' + 'ā' + root 'dru' (to run)

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - wishing to kill, desiring to slay

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jighāṃsat

jighāṁsat - desiring to kill, wishing to strike

Desiderative Present Participle

From desiderative stem of root 'han' (to kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'abhyadravan' (the warriors).

परस्परवधैषिणः (parasparavadhaiṣiṇaḥ) - desiring mutual destruction, seeking to kill each other

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parasparavadhaiṣin

parasparavadhaiṣin - desiring mutual destruction, wishing to kill each other

Agent noun

From 'paraspara' + 'vadha' + 'eṣin' (desiring), derived from desiderative of root 'iṣ'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paraspara+vadha+eṣin)

• paraspara – mutual, each other
  pronoun (neuter)
• vadha – killing, slaying, striking
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill)
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• eṣin – desiring, wishing for, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from desiderative
  From root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire) with 'in' suffix
  Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'abhyadravan'.