महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-3, verse-42

ध्यायन्तः प्रकिरन्तश्च वालान्वेपथुसंयुताः ।
रुदन्ति दीनास्तुरगा मातङ्गाश्च सहस्रशः ॥४२॥

42. dhyāyantaḥ prakirantaśca vālānvepathusaṁyutāḥ ,
rudanti dīnāsturagā mātaṅgāśca sahasraśaḥ.

42. dhyāyantaḥ prakirantaḥ ca vālān vepathusaṃyutāḥ
rudanti dīnāḥ turagāḥ mātaṅgāḥ ca sahasraśaḥ

42. sahasraśaḥ dīnāḥ vepathusaṃyutāḥ turagāḥ ca
mātaṅgāḥ ca vālān prakirantaḥ dhyāyantaḥ rudanti

42. Thousands of horses and elephants, miserable and trembling, are crying out, appearing to be brooding and scattering their hairs (or manes/tails).

Words meanings summery:

• ध्यायन्तः (dhyāyantaḥ) - brooding, meditating, thinking deeply

• प्रकिरन्तः (prakirantaḥ) - scattering, strewing

• च (ca) - and

• वालान् (vālān) - hairs, tails, manes

• वेपथुसंयुताः (vepathusaṁyutāḥ) - combined with trembling, trembling, shivering

• रुदन्ति (rudanti) - they cry, they weep

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed

• तुरगाः (turagāḥ) - horses

• मातङ्गाः (mātaṅgāḥ) - elephants

• च (ca) - and

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

Words meanings and morphology

ध्यायन्तः (dhyāyantaḥ) - brooding, meditating, thinking deeply

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhyāyat

dhyāyat - meditating, contemplating, thinking

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dhyāi' (to meditate, think)

Root: dhyāi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'turagāḥ' and 'mātaṅgāḥ'

प्रकिरन्तः (prakirantaḥ) - scattering, strewing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prakirat

prakirat - scattering, strewing, throwing about

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to scatter) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'turagāḥ' and 'mātaṅgāḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वालान् (vālān) - hairs, tails, manes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāla

vāla - hair, tail, mane, bristle

वेपथुसंयुताः (vepathusaṁyutāḥ) - combined with trembling, trembling, shivering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vepathusaṃyuta

vepathusaṁyuta - accompanied by trembling, full of trembling

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vepathu+saṃyuta)

• vepathu – trembling, shivering
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vep (class 1)
• saṃyuta – joined, united, connected, combined
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yu' with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'turagāḥ' and 'mātaṅgāḥ'

रुदन्ति (rudanti) - they cry, they weep

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of rud

Root: rud (class 2)

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - miserable, distressed, sad, poor, wretched

Past Passive Participle of root 'dī' (to fade, be miserable)

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'turagāḥ' and 'mātaṅgāḥ'

तुरगाः (turagāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of turaga

turaga - horse (lit. 'going quickly')

Compound 'tura' (speed) + 'ga' (going)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tura+ga)

• tura – speed, haste
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, causing to go
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

मातङ्गाः (mātaṅgāḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mātaṅga

mātaṅga - elephant

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sahasra' (thousand) with suffix '-śaḥ' (denoting distribution)