महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-3, verse-10

पद्मोत्पलानि वृक्षेषु जायन्ते कुमुदानि च ।
विष्वग्वाताश्च वान्त्युग्रा रजो न व्युपशाम्यति ॥१०॥

10. padmotpalāni vṛkṣeṣu jāyante kumudāni ca ,
viṣvagvātāśca vāntyugrā rajo na vyupaśāmyati.

10. padmotpalāni vṛkṣeṣu jāyante kumudāni ca
viṣvagvātāḥ ca vānti ugrāḥ rajaḥ na vyupaśāmyati

10. padmotpalāni kumudāni ca vṛkṣeṣu jāyante ca
ugrāḥ viṣvagvātāḥ vānti rajaḥ na vyupaśāmyati

10. Lotuses and water-lilies grow on trees, and white water-lilies also appear. Fierce winds blow in all directions, and the dust does not settle.

Words meanings summery:

• पद्मोत्पलानि (padmotpalāni) - lotuses and water-lilies

• वृक्षेषु (vṛkṣeṣu) - on trees

• जायन्ते (jāyante) - they are born, they grow

• कुमुदानि (kumudāni) - white water-lilies

• च (ca) - and

• विष्वग्वाताः (viṣvagvātāḥ) - winds blowing in all directions

• च (ca) - and

• वान्ति (vānti) - they blow

• उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce, terrible, violent

• रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, dirt, pollen

• न (na) - not, no

• व्युपशाम्यति (vyupaśāmyati) - it subsides, it settles down, it ceases

Words meanings and morphology

पद्मोत्पलानि (padmotpalāni) - lotuses and water-lilies

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of padmotpala

padmotpala - lotus and water-lily

Dvanda compound of 'padma' (lotus) and 'utpala' (water-lily).

Compound type : dvandva (padma+utpala)

• padma – lotus flower
  noun (neuter)
• utpala – water-lily
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'jāyante'.

वृक्षेषु (vṛkṣeṣu) - on trees

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Location where they grow.

जायन्ते (jāyante) - they are born, they grow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Root 'jan' (4th class, 'jāyate').

कुमुदानि (kumudāni) - white water-lilies

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kumuda

kumuda - white water-lily

Note: Another subject of 'jāyante'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kumudāni' to 'padmotpalāni'.

विष्वग्वाताः (viṣvagvātāḥ) - winds blowing in all directions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣvagvāta

viṣvagvāta - wind blowing in all directions

Compound of 'viṣvak' (in all directions, everywhere) and 'vāta' (wind).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣvak+vāta)

• viṣvak – everywhere, in all directions
  indeclinable
• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'vānti'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two main clauses.

वान्ति (vānti) - they blow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vā

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Root 'vā' (2nd class).

उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce, terrible, violent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, violent, dreadful

Note: Qualifies 'viṣvagvātāḥ'.

रजः (rajaḥ) - dust, dirt, pollen

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, gloom, impurity

Note: Subject of 'vyupaśāmyati'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb.

व्युपशाम्यति (vyupaśāmyati) - it subsides, it settles down, it ceases

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vi-upa-śam

Prefixes: vi+upa

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Root 'śam' (4th class, 'śāmyati') with prefixes 'vi' and 'upa'.