महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-3, verse-1

व्यास उवाच ।
खरा गोषु प्रजायन्ते रमन्ते मातृभिः सुताः ।
अनार्तवं पुष्पफलं दर्शयन्ति वने द्रुमाः ॥१॥

1. vyāsa uvāca ,
kharā goṣu prajāyante ramante mātṛbhiḥ sutāḥ ,
anārtavaṁ puṣpaphalaṁ darśayanti vane drumāḥ.

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca kharāḥ goṣu prajāyante ramante mātṛbhiḥ
sutāḥ anārtavam puṣpaphalam darśayanti vane drumāḥ

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca kharāḥ goṣu prajāyante sutāḥ mātṛbhiḥ
ramante vane drumāḥ anārtavam puṣpaphalam darśayanti

1. Vyāsa said: Donkeys are born among cows. Sons engage in sexual relations with mothers. Trees (drumas) in the forest (vane) display flowers and fruits out of season.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - The sage Vyāsa. (Vyasa (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• खराः (kharāḥ) - donkeys (donkeys, asses)

• गोषु (goṣu) - among cows (among cows, in cows, on earth)

• प्रजायन्ते (prajāyante) - are born (they are born, they originate)

• रमन्ते (ramante) - engage in sexual relations (they delight, they enjoy, they indulge)

• मातृभिः (mātṛbhiḥ) - with mothers

• सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

• अनार्तवम् (anārtavam) - out of season (unseasonable, untimely)

• पुष्पफलम् (puṣpaphalam) - flowers and fruits

• दर्शयन्ति (darśayanti) - display (they show, they display)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the grove)

• द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - The sage Vyāsa. (Vyasa (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (a celebrated sage), compiler, editor

Root: as (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Irregular perfect form of root `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

खराः (kharāḥ) - donkeys (donkeys, asses)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khara

khara - donkey, ass, sharp, hard

गोषु (goṣu) - among cows (among cows, in cows, on earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light, heaven

Root `gam` (to go), used as a noun.

Root: gam (class 1)

प्रजायन्ते (prajāyante) - are born (they are born, they originate)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root `jan` (div. 4), with prefix `pra`. `pra` + `jā` stem, `yate` ending (for plural it's `yante`).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject is `kharāḥ`.

रमन्ते (ramante) - engage in sexual relations (they delight, they enjoy, they indulge)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of ram

Present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root `ram` (div. 1), `ate` ending (for plural it's `ante`).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject is `sutāḥ`.

मातृभिः (mātṛbhiḥ) - with mothers

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Indicates association or instrument 'with mothers'.

सुताः (sutāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child, born, produced

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Derived from root `sū` (to give birth, to generate) + `kta` affix.

Root: sū (class 5)

Note: Subject of `ramante`.

अनार्तवम् (anārtavam) - out of season (unseasonable, untimely)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anārtava

anārtava - unseasonable, untimely, not periodic

Negative compound (na + ārtava).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+ārtava)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• ārtava – seasonal, menstrual, produced in due season
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from `ṛtu` (season) + `aṇ` affix.

Note: Adjective modifying `puṣpaphalam`.

पुष्पफलम् (puṣpaphalam) - flowers and fruits

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṣpaphala

puṣpaphala - flowers and fruits (collectively)

Dvandva compound of `puṣpa` and `phala`.

Compound type : itaretara-dvandva (puṣpa+phala)

• puṣpa – flower
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of `darśayanti`.

दर्शयन्ति (darśayanti) - display (they show, they display)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense, 3rd person plural, causative form.

Root `dṛś`, causative stem `darśaya`, `anti` ending.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is `drumāḥ`.

वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the grove)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, water

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Subject of `darśayanti`.