महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-3, verse-37

वृक्षानुन्मथ्य वान्त्युग्रा वाताः शर्करकर्षिणः ।
पतन्ति चैत्यवृक्षाश्च ग्रामेषु नगरेषु च ॥३७॥

37. vṛkṣānunmathya vāntyugrā vātāḥ śarkarakarṣiṇaḥ ,
patanti caityavṛkṣāśca grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca.

37. vṛkṣān unmathya vānti ugrāḥ vātāḥ śarkarakarṣiṇaḥ
patanti caityavṛkṣāḥ ca grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca

37. ugrāḥ śarkarakarṣiṇaḥ vātāḥ vṛkṣān unmathya
vānti ca caityavṛkṣāḥ grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca patanti

37. Fierce winds that uproot trees and carry gravel blow violently. And sacred shrine-trees (caityavṛkṣa) fall in villages and cities.

Words meanings summery:

• वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

• उन्मथ्य (unmathya) - having uprooted, after uprooting

• वान्ति (vānti) - blow violently (they blow)

• उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce, terrible, violent

• वाताः (vātāḥ) - winds, breezes

• शर्करकर्षिणः (śarkarakarṣiṇaḥ) - dragging gravel, carrying pebbles

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they drop down

• चैत्यवृक्षाः (caityavṛkṣāḥ) - sacred trees, shrine-trees

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• ग्रामेषु (grāmeṣu) - in villages

• नगरेषु (nagareṣu) - in cities, in towns

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

वृक्षान् (vṛkṣān) - trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree, plant

Note: Object of the gerund 'unmathya'.

उन्मथ्य (unmathya) - having uprooted, after uprooting

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from root 'math' (to churn, disturb) with prefix 'ud-' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ud

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'vānti'.

वान्ति (vānti) - blow violently (they blow)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vā

Present active 3rd plural

Root 'vā' (class 2, Parasmaipada).

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - fierce, terrible, violent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, violent, powerful

Note: Adjective modifying 'vātāḥ'.

वाताः (vātāḥ) - winds, breezes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāta

vāta - wind, air

From root 'vā' (to blow).

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the verb 'vānti'.

शर्करकर्षिणः (śarkarakarṣiṇaḥ) - dragging gravel, carrying pebbles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śarkarakarṣin

śarkarakarṣin - dragging gravel/pebbles, pulverizing

Agent noun/adjective from 'karṣ' (to drag) compounded with 'śarkara' (gravel).

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (śarkara+karṣin)

• śarkara – gravel, pebbles, small stones
  noun (neuter)
• karṣin – drawing, dragging, ploughing, attracting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root 'kṛṣ' (to drag, plough) with agent suffix '-in'.
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'vātāḥ'.

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they drop down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of pat

Present active 3rd plural

Root 'pat' (class 1, Parasmaipada).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

चैत्यवृक्षाः (caityavṛkṣāḥ) - sacred trees, shrine-trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of caityavṛkṣa

caityavṛkṣa - a sacred tree, a tree in a holy enclosure or near a monument (caitya)

Compound type : tatpurusha (caitya+vṛkṣa)

• caitya – shrine, sacred tree, monument, funeral pile
  noun (neuter)
• vṛkṣa – tree, plant
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verb 'patanti'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses or items in a list.

ग्रामेषु (grāmeṣu) - in villages

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of grāma

grāma - village, community

Note: Indicates location.

नगरेषु (nagareṣu) - in cities, in towns

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Indicates location.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses or items in a list.