महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-3, verse-36

महाभूता भूमिकम्पे चतुरः सागरान्पृथक् ।
वेलामुद्वर्तयन्ति स्म क्षोभयन्तः पुनः पुनः ॥३६॥

36. mahābhūtā bhūmikampe caturaḥ sāgarānpṛthak ,
velāmudvartayanti sma kṣobhayantaḥ punaḥ punaḥ.

36. mahābhūtāḥ bhūmikampe caturaḥ sāgarān pṛthak
velām udvartayanti sma kṣobhayantaḥ punaḥ punaḥ

36. bhūmikampe mahābhūtāḥ caturaḥ sāgarān pṛthak
velām udvartayanti sma punaḥ punaḥ kṣobhayantaḥ

36. During an earthquake, the great elements (mahābhūta) cause the four oceans, each separately, to swell past their shores, agitating them repeatedly.

Words meanings summery:

• महाभूताः (mahābhūtāḥ) - the five great elements (earth, water, fire, air, ether) as causative agents (the great elements)

• भूमिकम्पे (bhūmikampe) - in an earthquake

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• सागरान् (sāgarān) - oceans

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - each separately (separately, individually, apart)

• वेलाम् (velām) - shore, coast, limit

• उद्वर्तयन्ति (udvartayanti) - they cause to swell up, they overflow, they raise

• स्म (sma) - used to convey a past sense to the present verb 'udvartayanti' (particle indicating past tense for a present verb)

• क्षोभयन्तः (kṣobhayantaḥ) - agitating, disturbing

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

Words meanings and morphology

महाभूताः (mahābhūtāḥ) - the five great elements (earth, water, fire, air, ether) as causative agents (the great elements)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābhūta

mahābhūta - great element (referring to the five primordial elements: earth, water, fire, air, ether); a great being

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhūta)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bhūta – element, being, creature; past participle of 'bhū' (to be)
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (when adjective)
  From root 'bhū' (to be). As a noun, it refers to an element or a living being.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'udvartayanti'.

भूमिकम्पे (bhūmikampe) - in an earthquake

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhūmikampa

bhūmikampa - earthquake

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+kampa)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• kampa – trembling, shaking, earthquake
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kamp' (to tremble).
  Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Indicates the circumstance or time 'during' or 'in' an earthquake.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'sāgarān'.

सागरान् (sāgarān) - oceans

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Note: Object of the verb 'udvartayanti'.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - each separately (separately, individually, apart)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'sāgarān', indicating their individual action.

वेलाम् (velām) - shore, coast, limit

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of velā

velā - shore, coast, boundary, limit; time, season

Note: Object of the compound verb 'udvartayanti'.

उद्वर्तयन्ति (udvartayanti) - they cause to swell up, they overflow, they raise

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of udvṛt

Present active 3rd plural (causative)

Causative form of root 'vṛt' (to turn, to be) with prefix 'ud-'.

Prefix: ud

Root: vṛt (class 1)

स्म (sma) - used to convey a past sense to the present verb 'udvartayanti' (particle indicating past tense for a present verb)

(indeclinable)

क्षोभयन्तः (kṣobhayantaḥ) - agitating, disturbing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣobhayant

kṣobhayant - agitating, disturbing, causing commotion

Present Active Participle (causative)

Present active participle of the causative form of root 'kṣubh' (to shake, agitate).

Root: kṣubh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mahābhūtāḥ', describing their action.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the repetitive nature of the agitation.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the repetitive nature of the agitation.