महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-22, verse-21

गिर्याश्रया दुर्गनिवासिनश्च योधाः पृथिव्यां कुलजा विशुद्धाः ।
म्लेच्छाश्च नानायुधवीर्यवन्तः समागताः पाण्डवार्थे निविष्टाः ॥२१॥

21. giryāśrayā durganivāsinaśca; yodhāḥ pṛthivyāṁ kulajā viśuddhāḥ ,
mlecchāśca nānāyudhavīryavantaḥ; samāgatāḥ pāṇḍavārthe niviṣṭāḥ.

21. giryāśrayāḥ durganivāsinaḥ ca
yodhāḥ pṛthivyām kulajāḥ viśuddhāḥ
| mlecchāḥ ca nānāyudhavīryavantaḥ
samāgatāḥ pāṇḍavārthe niviṣṭāḥ

21. Mountain-dwelling and fortress-dwelling warriors, noble and pure on this earth, as well as (mlecchāḥ) barbarians endowed with diverse weaponry and valor, have all assembled and enlisted for the cause of the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• गिर्याश्रयाः (giryāśrayāḥ) - mountain-dwellers, dwelling in mountains

• दुर्गनिवासिनः (durganivāsinaḥ) - fortress-dwellers

• च (ca) - and, also

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth, in the world

• कुलजाः (kulajāḥ) - high-born, noble, of good family

• विशुद्धाः (viśuddhāḥ) - pure, faultless, noble

• म्लेच्छाः (mlecchāḥ) - barbarians, foreigners, non-Aryans

• च (ca) - and, also

• नानायुधवीर्यवन्तः (nānāyudhavīryavantaḥ) - possessing various weapons and valor, mighty with various weapons

• समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - assembled, come together

• पाण्डवार्थे (pāṇḍavārthe) - for the benefit or cause of the Pāṇḍavas (for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas)

• निविष्टाः (niviṣṭāḥ) - enlisted in the service of the Pāṇḍavas (engaged, enlisted)

Words meanings and morphology

गिर्याश्रयाः (giryāśrayāḥ) - mountain-dwellers, dwelling in mountains

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of giryāśraya

giryāśraya - dwelling in mountains, taking refuge in mountains

Compound: `giri` (mountain) + `āśraya` (dwelling, relying).

Compound type : tatpurusha (giri+āśraya)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• āśraya – dwelling, refuge, shelter, resort
  noun (masculine)
  From `ā` (towards) + root `śri` (to resort to)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Modifies `yodhāḥ`.

दुर्गनिवासिनः (durganivāsinaḥ) - fortress-dwellers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durganivāsin

durganivāsin - dwelling in a fortress, fortress-dweller

Compound: `durga` (fortress) + `nivāsin` (dweller).

Compound type : tatpurusha (durga+nivāsin)

• durga – fortress, difficult place
  noun (neuter)
• nivāsin – dweller, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  From `ni` (in) + root `vas` (to dwell) + `in` suffix.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies `yodhāḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `giryāśrayāḥ` and `durganivāsinaḥ`.

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, soldier, fighter

From root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, world

Note: Indicates location, 'on this earth'.

कुलजाः (kulajāḥ) - high-born, noble, of good family

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kulaja

kulaja - well-born, high-born, noble, belonging to a good family

Compound: `kula` (family) + `ja` (born from).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kula+ja)

• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies `yodhāḥ`.

विशुद्धाः (viśuddhāḥ) - pure, faultless, noble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśuddha

viśuddha - purified, cleansed, pure, faultless, noble

Past Passive Participle

From `vi` (apart) + root `śudh` (to purify).

Prefix: vi

Root: śudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies `yodhāḥ`.

म्लेच्छाः (mlecchāḥ) - barbarians, foreigners, non-Aryans

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mleccha

mleccha - barbarian, foreigner, non-Aryan, one speaking an unintelligible language

From root `mlech` (to speak indistinctly).

Root: mlech (class 1)

Note: Another type of warrior.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `yodhāḥ` and `mlecchāḥ`.

नानायुधवीर्यवन्तः (nānāyudhavīryavantaḥ) - possessing various weapons and valor, mighty with various weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nānāyudhavīryavat

nānāyudhavīryavat - possessing various weapons and valor, mighty with various weapons

Adjective formed by adding the possessive suffix `vat` (from `matup`) to the Dvanda compound `nānāyudhavīrya` (various weapons and valor).

Note: Modifies `mlecchāḥ`.

समागताः (samāgatāḥ) - assembled, come together

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāgata

samāgata - come together, assembled, met

Past Passive Participle

From `sam` (together) + `ā` (hither) + root `gam` (to go).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `yodhāḥ` and `mlecchāḥ`.

पाण्डवार्थे (pāṇḍavārthe) - for the benefit or cause of the Pāṇḍavas (for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍavārtha

pāṇḍavārtha - the purpose of the Pāṇḍavas, for the sake of the Pāṇḍavas

Tatpurusha compound: `pāṇḍava` (Pāṇḍavas) + `artha` (purpose, sake).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pāṇḍava+artha)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from `Pāṇḍu`.
• artha – purpose, sake, meaning
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the purpose or cause.

निविष्टाः (niviṣṭāḥ) - enlisted in the service of the Pāṇḍavas (engaged, enlisted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niviṣṭa

niviṣṭa - entered, engaged, fixed on, devoted to, enlisted

Past Passive Participle

From `ni` (down, in) + root `viś` (to enter).

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Modifies `yodhāḥ` and `mlecchāḥ`.

Previous Verse Next Verse