महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-22, verse-19

अवरुद्धा बलिनः केकयेभ्यो महेष्वासा भ्रातरः पञ्च सन्ति ।
केकयेभ्यो राज्यमाकाङ्क्षमाणा युद्धार्थिनश्चानुवसन्ति पार्थान् ॥१९॥

19. avaruddhā balinaḥ kekayebhyo; maheṣvāsā bhrātaraḥ pañca santi ,
kekayebhyo rājyamākāṅkṣamāṇā; yuddhārthinaścānuvasanti pārthān.

19. avaruddhāḥ balinaḥ kekayebhyaḥ
maheṣvāsāḥ bhrātaraḥ pañca santi |
kekayebhyaḥ rājyam ākaṅkṣamāṇāḥ
yuddhārthinaḥ ca anuvasanti pārthān

19. There are five powerful brothers, great archers, who are estranged from the Kekayas. Desiring their kingdom from the Kekayas and seeking battle, they reside with the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• अवरुद्धाः (avaruddhāḥ) - estranged from their rightful kingdom (prevented, confined, estranged)

• बलिनः (balinaḥ) - powerful, strong

• केकयेभ्यः (kekayebhyaḥ) - from the Kekayas (a people)

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers, great bowmen

• भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• सन्ति (santi) - they are, exist

• केकयेभ्यः (kekayebhyaḥ) - from the Kekayas (a people)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• आकङ्क्षमाणाः (ākaṅkṣamāṇāḥ) - desiring, longing for

• युद्धार्थिनः (yuddhārthinaḥ) - desiring battle, eager for war

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनुवसन्ति (anuvasanti) - they dwell near, follow, reside with

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pāṇḍavas

Words meanings and morphology

अवरुद्धाः (avaruddhāḥ) - estranged from their rightful kingdom (prevented, confined, estranged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avaruddha

avaruddha - stopped, hindered, confined, besieged, estranged

Past Passive Participle

From `ava` (down, away) + root `rudh` (to obstruct, block).

Prefix: ava

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Refers to the brothers.

बलिनः (balinaḥ) - powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty

Possessive suffix `in` added to `bala` (strength).

Note: Refers to the brothers.

केकयेभ्यः (kekayebhyaḥ) - from the Kekayas (a people)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of kekaya

kekaya - The Kekayas (a people or tribe, also their country or king)

Note: Indicates separation ('estranged from') and source ('desiring from').

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers, great bowmen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, great bowman (literally 'one who has a great bow')

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'īṣvāsa' (bow or archer).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+īṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• īṣvāsa – bow; archer
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpurusha compound: `īṣu` (arrow) + `āsa` (throwing, holder), often meaning 'bow'.

Note: Refers to the brothers.

भ्रातरः (bhrātaraḥ) - brothers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Subject of `santi`.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(adjective)

Nominative, plural of pañcan

pañcan - five

Note: Modifies `bhrātaraḥ`.

सन्ति (santi) - they are, exist

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural of `as` (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'five brothers'.

केकयेभ्यः (kekayebhyaḥ) - from the Kekayas (a people)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of kekaya

kekaya - The Kekayas (a people or tribe, also their country or king)

Note: Indicates the source of desired kingdom.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

From `rājan` (king) + `ya` suffix.

Note: Object of `ākaṅkṣamāṇāḥ`.

आकङ्क्षमाणाः (ākaṅkṣamāṇāḥ) - desiring, longing for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ākaṅkṣamāṇa

ākaṅkṣamāṇa - desiring, longing for, wishing for

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From `ā` (towards) + root `kāṅkṣ` (to desire).

Prefix: ā

Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying the implied subject (the brothers).

युद्धार्थिनः (yuddhārthinaḥ) - desiring battle, eager for war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yuddhārthin

yuddhārthin - one who desires battle, eager for war

Tatpurusha compound: `yuddha` (battle) + `arthin` (desiring).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuddha+arthin)

• yuddha – battle, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (nominalized)
  From root `yudh` (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• arthin – desiring, seeking, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  From `artha` (purpose, thing) + `in` suffix.

Note: Refers to the brothers.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `ākaṅkṣamāṇāḥ` and `yuddhārthinaḥ`.

अनुवसन्ति (anuvasanti) - they dwell near, follow, reside with

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anuvas

Present Active Indicative

From `anu` (after, near) + root `vas` (to dwell). 3rd person plural.

Prefix: anu

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Verb for the brothers.

पार्थान् (pārthān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a Pāṇḍava

Derived from `Pṛthā` (another name for Kuntī).

Note: Object of `anuvasanti`.